Abazali abaninzi baphupha ukuba umntwana wabo ukhulile, waba liqhayiya. Ukuba bodwa baziqhayisa ngamakhono abo abantwana, abanye bakhawuleza ukubhala umntwana wabo kwizikolo ezizodwa, apho baya kuncedwa ekuphuhliseni iimveliso. Kwiziko elithile elizodwa, abantwana bafunda ukuba yiyiphi i-arithmetic yengqondo. Ziziphi iingxaki kunye neengxaki zeendlela?
Isibalo seengqondo - yintoni na?
Ngaphantsi kwengqiqo yeengqondo, kuyisiko ukuqonda inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwamakhono okucinga kunye nobuchule bokudala ngenxa yezibalo ze-arithmetic kwi-akhawunti. Inkqubo ye-arithmetic yengqondo inikwe abantwana besikolo ukususela kwiminyaka emine ukuya kwishumi elinesibhozo. Kwasekwa iminyaka engamawaka amabini edlulileyo kwaye ngoku isebenza kumazwe angama-50 anamazwe ehlabathini. I-arithmetic yengqondo inceda abantwana bahlakulele zombini i-hemispheres yengqondo.
Kutheni sifuna i-arithmetic yengqondo?
Ukwenza isigqibo esibalulekileyo, abazali mabaqonde ukuba yintoni isiseko se-arithmetic yengqondo. Ngomncedisi umntwana uya kuba nako:
- funda ukucinga ngokucokisekileyo;
- ukuphuhlisa imemori, ukucinga, ingcamango kunye nenkohlakalo;
- ukubonisa ubuchule;
- phucula u msebenzi wesikolo;
- ukubala ukulingana okunzima kwiingqondo.
Ngombulelo kwimisebenzi enjalo, umfundi unokuhlakulela ingqiqo kwaye afunde i-akhawunti yengqondo. Ukongezelela, umntwana uya kuba nomdla olutsha nolwazi. Kwizifundo ezinjalo zihlala zithakazelisa kwaye zihlekisa: imizekelo yeemathematika ingatshintshwa yimidaniso, iingoma kunye neengoma. Kukhona umsebenzi wokunyamekela, ukunyamekela, ukunxibelelana, ukucinga kunye nencoko.
Ukusetyenziswa kweemviwo zeengqondo
Iimathematika zengqondo zifundwa kwizikolo ezizodwa. Kuphela ixesha lezemfundo, abantwana badinga ukupasa ukusuka kuma-10 ukuya kuma-12 amanqanaba. Eli nqanaba elo lihlala lingaphaya kweenyanga ezine. Iiklasi kufuneka zibe khona kanye okanye kabini ngeveki. Ngonyaka nangesiqingatha umntwana uyakwazi ukwenza izibalo ezahlukeneyo ngamanani ama-4 okanye ama-5 enamaqondo engqondweni. Uqeqesho luqhutyelwa kusetyenziswa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esifana nezikolo ze-abacus. Ekuqaleni, abantwana kufuneka bafunde indlela yokusebenzisana ngayo, bexhamla amathambo ngeminwe yabo.
I-arithmetic yengqondo - kunye nokuchasene
Le ndlela inezinzuzo kunye nokungahleleki. Nangona kunjalo, akubona bonke abazali abayaziyo ukuba yiyiphi i-arithmetic yengqondo efundisa. Phakathi kweenzuzo zobugcisa:
- Umntwana ufunda ukubala ngokukhawuleza engqondweni.
- Siyabulela ukuvuselelwa kwezakhono ezifanelekileyo zezithuthi, i-hemisphere ekhohlo ikhula kubantwana besikolo.
- Isikolo esikolweni siphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezifundo ezininzi zezikolo.
- Abantwana bakhulisa amandla okuphumelela kwizinto ezininzi.
Akunabo bonke abazali abaqaphele impembelelo entle ye-arithmetic kwi-schoolboy. Phakathi kwezinto eziphazamisayo:
- Esikolo umntwana ukhawuleza kwaye wenza iimpazamo ezininzi.
- Ukuxazulula imizekelo enzima engqondweni, umntwana wesikolo akakwazi ukucinga ngokuchanekileyo , kunzima kuye ukuxazulula ukulingana.
I-arithmetic yengqondo ilungile
Ootitshala abaninzi nabazali bayaqaphela iingenelo zezi zinto ezinjalo. Ndiyabulela kwizifundo zemathematika yengqondo:
- Unako ukuphuhlisa izakhono zezithuthi ezifanelekileyo.
- Umntwana unokuhlakulela imemori . Ndiyabulela kule nkqubo, umfundi unokukhawuleza afunde iingoma, iingoma, amagama angaphandle.
- Umfundi wesikolo ufunda ukubala ngokukhawuleza engqondweni. Indlela enjalo yengqondo ye-arithmetic iyincedo kumntwana kungekhona esikolweni kuphela, kodwa nakwixesha elizayo xa ekhulile.
Iingcamango zengqondo
Ngaphambi kokugqiba ukufundisa umntwana ngale ndlela, abazali bazama ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi i-arithmetic yengqondo enikezayo kwaye ingaba kukho ingozi yomfundi. Iimaminithi zemathematika yengqondo kwiindleko zeeklasi. Abazali bonke abanothando abanokuhlawula imfundo yomntwana esikolweni esikhethekileyo. Ukongezelela, oomama nootata bathi emva kwezifundo ezinjalo umntwana uyeke ukucinga ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo esikolweni esiphakamileyo uyakhawuleza kwaye wenza iimpazamo. Iingcali zithetha ukuba kungcono ukuzisebenzisa indlela yokufumana abantwana abanezakhono zemathematika.
Iincwadi kwi-arithmetic yengqondo
Ukuba ngaba abazali bebanokungabaza ukuba umntwana ufuna ulwazi olunjalo, uncwadi luyakunceda ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo. Baza kuxela oko i-arithmetic yengqondo yale ncwadi iqhubeka:
- Mnu Vorontsova "Iimbono zeMathematika: ubuchule bokubala - ngaphambi kokuba uhambe" - uchaza iingenelo kunye nokungonakali kweli qhinga.
- B. Arthur, Sh. Michael "Magic of numbers. Ukubala kwengqondo kwingqondo nakwezinye izibalo zeemathematika " - ichaza iindlela ezilula oza kufunda ngazo ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo kunye nenani elikhulu engqondweni.
- K. Bortolato "Setha" Ukufunda ukubala. Amanani ukuya kuma-20 " enye yeekiti ezikhethekileyo eziza kunceda abantwana bafunde i-akhawunti.
- A. UBhenjamin "iMathematika, iMfihlelo yeMathematika yengqondo" - kwifomu efikelelekayo ichaza ngokubhekiselele kwisiseko se-arithmetic yengqondo.
- S. Ertash "I-arithmetic yengqondo. Ukongezwa nokukhupha " - incwadi yezingane ezisusela kwiminyaka emi-4 ukuya kweyesi-6. Siyabulela kule tutorial, umntwana uya kuba nako ukufunda isiseko se-arithmetic yengqondo.
- Abacus-centre "Iingcali zeengqondo" - ukuqeqeshwa okulula kubantwana besikolo bachazwa.