Ngokuphathelele amaprotheni, njengento ebalulekileyo yokutya kwabantu, waqala ukuthetha kwiXIXX. Kwaye ke, babibizwa ngokuthi "iiprotheni" - ukusuka kwisiGrike "protos", oku kuthetha "kuqala". Iiprotheyini ngokwenene "ziqala" zibaluleke ngomzimba womntu.
Siyazi ukuba bonke ubomi bayakhiwa kwiprotheni. Kodwa iphrotheni ngokwayo iyakhiwe kuma-amino acids. Iiprotheni kunye nama-amino acids zihambelana, njengamazwi kunye neencwadi. Iiprotheni zi-polymers, i- amino acids i-monomers. Umgangatho weprotheni uzimisele ngokubunjwa kwe-amino acid, umgangatho we-amino acid ukukwazi ukuba yinxalenye yeprotheni.
Ama-amino acids, eziyinxalenye yeprotheni ye-20 kuphela, kwimvelo kukho iindidi ezi-600. Ezi 20 i-amino acid zidala izigidi zeeprotheni ezahlukeneyo ezahlukileyo kumgangatho kunye nempembelelo. Njengamagama, kubalulekile ukuba yiyiphi iileta ezikuzo, kodwa kwimiyalelo yileta, kwaye kwimeko yeeprotheni: unokudibana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaprotheni kunye nokwakheka kwe-amino acid, kodwa umyalelo we-amino acid iya kuhluka.
Amino acids and replaceable
Njengoko sele sichazile, kukho i-amino acid ezingama-20 ezenza iprotheni. Zahlukaniswe zibe yinto eguquguqukayo, engenakulungiswayo kwaye ibuyiswe ngokusemthethweni. I-amino acids engenakudliwa yi-8 amines, esiyikwazi ukuyilungisa yona, ngoko ke kufuneka siyidle ngokutya. Ehlabathini, kuphela izityalo ezinokwenza yonke i-amino acids, bonke abanye kufuneka babakhange ukutya.
Siyakwazi ukuvelisa i-amino acid ezili-12. Ziyakhelwe kwezinye i-amino acid, njengoko kuyimfuneko. Enyanisweni, ukwenzela ukuba oku kwenzeke, akufanele sibe neliphulelo le-amine engenakulungiswa. Iimeko ezichanekileyo zi-amino acids, esizihlanganisayo ngokukodwa, zizalise ngokukhawuleza ukutya. Kwizifo okanye izifo, ukuphulwa komsebenzi we-GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT kwinkqubo yokuqala inkqubo iyeka.
Xa ukutya kudliwe, iiprotheyini zakhiwa kwi-amino acids (umzimba ukhetha oko kufuneka ukuchitha ama-amine ngoku), ukuba akukho mfuneko ye-amino acid, ityaliwe kwisibindi kude kube yimfuneko yokuqala.
Ukwahlulelwa kwamaprotheni ngama-amino acids
Kuza kubekho, akukho nhlobo oluthile oludibeneyo lwama-protein, ngokuyinhloko kuba indima yabo ayengakacaciswanga ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi banamathele ekwenzeni ukwahlula kweeprotheni, ngokusekelwe kwiimino-acid kwi-composition yayo. Oko kukuthi, isigaba sokubaluleka esithetha ngokubaluleka kweprotheni - ingaba iqukethe amino acidiweyo okanye cha.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwamaprotheni emzimbeni wethu ilandelayo:
1. Sidla iprotheni (isilwanyana okanye imifuno).
2. Ngo kuncedwa kwejusi yesisu kunye ne-enzyme ye-pancreatic, siyichitha zibe ngama-amino acids.
3. Ama-amino acids emathunjini afakwa kwigazi aze ahanjiswe ngokweemfuno zendalo:
- Kule, iprotheyini (sele isele "umntu") inokudalwa ngokukhawuleza, umzekelo, i- hemoglobin , i-enzyme;
- enye i-amino acid ingadalwa, okwangoku inomdla kumzimba;
- okanye ukuba akukho mfuneko ye-amino acids ekwakheni amaprotheni, yokuqala iya kugcinwa esibindi, ngaphambi kokuba le mfuneko ivele.
Ukugqithiseleka nokungabikho kwamamino acids kunye nama-proteins
Izigidi zabantu ehlabathini zifumana ubunqongophala be-amino acids kunye namaprotheni. Isizathu salo silambile, ukutya okunokulinganisela (umzekelo, kwiindawo ezitshisayo, apho ukungabikho kweprotheni ekudleni kuyisimo esiqhekezayo), okanye ukuphulwa komzimba, apho iiprotheni ezingagciniweyo, okanye iprotheni ayilungiswanga kwi-amino acids. Ubonakaliso obuninzi obubonakalayo bokunqongophala kweprotheyini ngu:
- ukukhula ngokwaneleyo nophuhliso lwendalo;
- ukukhulelwa kwegazi;
- ukungabikho kwe-enzymes yokugaya;
- yokukhusela umzimba.
Nangona kunjalo, iprotheni eyimfuneko ayithandeki kumzimba. Oku kubangela izifo ezilandelayo:
- nomhlaza;
- arthritis;
- isifo sikashukela;
- izifo zenhliziyo.