Kwiindawo ezininzi zeeklinikhi zamachiza kukho amayeza, injongo nenkqubo abantu abangaziqondiyo. I-Antihistamine nayo ikwazo iziyobisi. Abaninzi abagulayo bafumana amayeza abo, babale umyinge kunye nekhosi yeyeza, ngaphandle kokubonisana neengcali.
I-Antihistamines - yintoni ngamazwi alula?
Eli gama lidla ngokungaqondi. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ezi ziyeza zonyango, kodwa zenzelwe unyango lwezinye izifo. I-Antihistamines liqela lamayeza avimbela ukuphendula kwe-immune kwi-stimuli yangaphandle. Oku akubandakanyi nje kuphela izifo, kodwa kunye neentsholongwane, iifungi kunye neebhaktheriya (ii-agents ezithathelwanayo), iibisiki. Amayeza acatshangelwayo avimbela ukuba kwenzeke:
- bronchospasm ;
- i-edema yeembumba ezinamabhobho empumlo nasemqaleni;
- ubomvu, i-blisters kwesikhumba;
- ukubetha;
- colic intestinal ;
- ukufihla ngokugqithisileyo kwerusi yesisu;
- ukunciphisa imilambo yegazi;
- imisipha yomzimba;
- ukuvuvukala.
Ama-antihistamine asebenza njani?
Indima ephambili yokukhusela emzimbeni womntu idlaliswa ngamaseli amhlophe egazi okanye iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe. Zininzi zazo, enye yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu - iiseli zesigxina. Emva kokukhula, ziyajikeleza ngegazi kwaye zifakwe kwiishubhu ezixhamlayo, zibe yinxalenye yesistim somzimba. Xa izinto ezinobungozi zingena emzimbeni, amangqamuzana amantshontsho akhulula i-histamine. Yimfuneko yechemicals efunekayo ekulawuleni iinkqubo zokugaya inyama, i-oxygen metabolism kunye nokujikeleza kwegazi. Ukugqithisa kwayo kukukhokelela ekuphenduleni.
Ukuze i-histamine ibangele iimpawu ezimbi, kufuneka zifakwe ngumzimba. Ukwenza oku, kukho i-receptors ekhethekileyo H1, ekhoyo kwiigobolondo zangaphakathi zeemithana yegazi, iiseli ze-muscle ebusayo kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous. Ama-antihistamines asebenza njani: izithako ezisebenzayo zala machiza "zikhohlisa" i-H1-receptors. Isakhiwo kunye nesakhiwo sawo sifana nesimo esicatshulwayo. Amachiza ancintisana ne-histamine kwaye athatyathwa yi-receptors endaweni yayo, ngaphandle kokubangela ukuphazamiseka.
Ngenxa yoko, imichiza eyenza iimpawu ezingafunekiyo zihlala egazini kwindawo engasebenzi kwaye kamva ipheliswe ngokwemvelo. Impembelelo ye-antihistamine incike kwiindlela ezininzi ze-H1-receptors ezikwazi ukukhusela isilwanyana esithathiweyo. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuqala unyango emva kokuqala kweempawu zokuqala zokugula.
Ndiza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ndiyithathe i-antihistamines?
Ubungakanani bonyango buxhomekeke kwisizukulwana samachiza kunye nobukhulu beempawu zokugula. Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuthatha i-antihistamines, ugqirha kufuneka anqume. Amanye amayeza angasetyenziswanga ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-6 ukuya ku-6-7, ii-agents ze-aprojimenti zanesizukulwana sokugqibela ziyingozi kakhulu, ngoko zingasetyenziselwa unyaka o-1. Ngaphambi kokuthatha oko kubalulekile ukudibana neengcali. I-Antihistamines inokuqokelela emzimbeni kwaye ibangele ubuthi. Abanye abantu bahlakulela ukuhlaselwa kwamagciwane.
Ndingafumana kaninzi kangakanani i-antihistamines?
Uninzi lwabathengi beemveliso ezichazweyo ziyazikhulula kwisilinganiso esilungeleyo, esithatha ukusetyenziswa kuphela kanye ngosuku. Umbuzo wendlela yokuthatha i-antihistamines, ngokuxhomekeka kwimizila yezinto ezibonakalayo ezingekho phantsi kwempawu zeklinikhi, ichithwa ngugqirha. Iqela elinikeziweyo lamachiza libhekiselele kwiindlela zokwenza iimpawu zonyango. Kumele kusetyenziswe rhoqo xa kukho iimpawu zesifo.
Ama-antihistamine amatsha angasetyenziselwa ukukhusela. Ukuba uqhagamshelwano ne-allergen alinakuphetshwa ngqo (ipoplar fluff, i-ragweed blossom, njl.), Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iyeza kwangaphambili. Ukutya kwangaphambili kwama-antihistamine akuyi kuthoba kuphela iimpawu ezingekho phantsi, kodwa zibandakanya ukubonakala kwazo. Ii-receptors ze-H1 ziyakuthi zivalwe xa i-immune system izama ukuqala ukuphendula.
Antihistamines - Uludwe
Imveliso yokuqala yeqela iqulunqwe ngo-1942 (i-Fenbenzamin). Ukususela kuloo mzuzu, ukuhlolisisa izinto ezinokuthi zivimbele i-H1 receptors iqalile. Okwangoku, kukho izizukulwana ezine ze-antihistamines. Izinyango zokuqala zonyango aziqhelekanga zisetyenziswe ngenxa yemiphumo engathandekiyo kunye neziphumo ezinobungozi emzimbeni. Iziyobisi zanamhlanje zibonakaliswe ngokukhuseleka okukhulu kunye neziphumo ezikhawulezayo.
I-Antihistamines isizukulwana-1
Olu hlobo lwee-apmpotiki zineempembelelo zexeshana (ukuya kwiiyure eziyi-8), zinokulutha, ngamanye amaxesha zivuselela ubuthi. I-Antihistamines yesizukulwana sokuqala isoloko idumile kuphela ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi kunye nesigxina sokubambisa (incomo). Amagama:
- Dedalon;
- Bicarfen;
- Suprastin;
- IDiphenhydramine ;
- Tavegil;
- Diazoline;
- Clemastine;
- Diprazine;
- Lorediks;
- Pipolphen;
- Setastin;
- IDimebon;
- Cyproheptadine;
- Fenkarol;
- Peritol;
- Quifenadine;
- Dimetinden;
- Fenistil nabanye.
I-Antihistamines izizukulwana 2 - Bhala
Emva kweminyaka engama-35, i-blogger yokuqala ye-H1-receptor ikhutshwe ngaphandle kwendalo kunye nemiphumo emibi emzimbeni. Ngokungafani nabokuqala, ama-antihistamines wesizukulwana sesi-2 esona sikhulu (iiyure ezingama-12 ukuya ku-24), musa ukuba ngumlutha kwaye musa ukuxhomekeka kokutya nokutywala. Ziyichukumisa imiphumo engaphantsi yingozi kwaye ingavimbeli ezinye i-receptor kwiiscuphe kunye nemithambo yegazi. Ulwahlulo olutsha lwe-antihistamines - uluhlu:
- Taldan;
- Claritin ;
- Astemizole;
- Terfenadine;
- Bronal;
- Allergodyl;
- Fexofenadine;
- I-Rupafin;
- I-Trexile;
- Loratadine;
- Histadyl;
- Zirtek;
- Ebastin;
- Astemysan;
- IClaricens;
- Histalong;
- Cetrin;
- Semprex;
- Kestin;
- Acryvastine;
- Gismanal;
- Cetirizine;
- Levocabastine;
- Azelastine;
- Histimet;
- Lorahexal;
- Claridol;
- Rupatadine;
- ULomilan kunye neempawu.
Antihistamines 3 izizukulwana
Ngokusekelwe kwiziyobisi zangaphambili, izazinzulu ziye zathola ama-stereoisomers kunye neemetabolites (ezivela kwiimveliso). Ekuqaleni la ma antihistamine abekwe njengeqela elitsha lamachiza okanye isizukulwana sesithathu:
- Glencet;
- Xizal;
- Cezer;
- Suprastinex;
- I fexophagus;
- Zodak Express;
- L-Cet;
- Lauratec;
- Fexadine;
- UElius;
- Dezal;
- Neo-Claritin;
- Lordestin;
- Telfast;
- Fexofen;
- Allegra.
Kamva uluhlu olunjalo lubangela ukungqubuzana nokuphikisana kwenzululwazi yoluntu. Ukwenza isigqibo sokugqibela kwiimali ezingentla, iqela leengcali kwiimvavanyo zeclini ezizimeleyo zahlanganiswa. Ngokweziganeko eziqikelelweyo, amalungiselelo avela kwisizukulwana sesithathu asiyi kuphazamisa umsebenzi we-system central nervous, ukuvelisa iziphumo ezinobungozi entliziyweni, esibindi kunye nemithambo yegazi kunye nokusebenzisana namanye amayeza. Ngokutsho kweziphumo zophando, akukho nanye kula machiza ahlangabezana nale mfuno.
4 Izizukulwana ze-Antihistamines - Uluhlu
Kweminye imithombo, olu hlobo lwama-pharmological agents lubandakanya iTelfast, iSuststinex no-Erius, kodwa eli lizwi eliphosakeleyo. Ama-antihistamines ezi-4 izizukulwana azange ziphuhliswe, kunye neyesithathu. Kukho kuphela iifom eziphuculweyo kunye neziphumo zeenguqu zangaphambili zonyango. Oku kuninzi kunamhlanje izidakamizwa zesizukulwana sesi-2.
I-antihistamines engcono
Ukukhethwa kweemali ezivela kwiqela elichaziweyo kufuneka lenziwe yinkwenkwezi. Abanye abantu bafanelekile ukulungelelanisa isizukulwana 1 ngenxa yesidingo sokuguqulwa, ezinye izigulane aziyidingi. Ngokufanayo, ugqirha uncoma uhlobo lokukhululwa kwamachiza kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu. Izidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo zichazwe kwiimpawu ezibonakalisiwe zesifo, kwezinye iimeko, unokukwenza ngemali yendawo.
Iiphilisi zeAntistamine
Amachiza omlomo ayafuneka ukuba kususwe ngokukhawuleza kwemiboniso yeklinikhi yezilwanyana ezinokuchaphazela iinkqubo ezininzi zomzimba. I-antihistamines yokufumana kwangaphakathi iqala ukusebenza ngaphakathi kweyure kwaye imisa ukuvuvukala komqala kunye nezinye iimbumba ezinqabileyo, kunciphisa ukubanda, ukubetha kunye neempawu zesikhumba zesifo.
Amacwecwe amacwecwe asebenzayo nokhuseleko:
- Fexofen;
- Alersis;
- Tsetril;
- Altiva;
- Rolinosis;
- Telfast;
- Amertyl;
- Eden;
- I fexophagus;
- Cetrin;
- Allergomax;
- Zodak;
- Tigofast;
- Allertec;
- Cetral;
- Eridez;
- I-Trexile Neo;
- Zeilola;
- L-Cet;
- Alerzin;
- Glencet;
- Xizal;
- Aleron Neo;
- Nkosi;
- UElius;
- I-Allergistop;
- AmaFribri nabanye.
Antihistamine yehla
Kule fom yezilingo, zombini iilungiselelo zendawo neenkqubo ziveliswa. Amaconsi kwi-allergies yokulawulwa komlomo;
- Zirtek;
- Dezal;
- Fenistil;
- Zodak;
- Xizal;
- Lamente;
- Umgcini;
- Allergonics kunye neempawu ezifanayo.
Ama-antihistamine amalungiselelo angumxholo wempumlo:
- Tizin Allärji;
- Allergodyl;
- Lecrolin;
- Cromohexal;
- Sanorin Aneralgin;
- Vibrocil nabanye.
I-Antiallergic imonyo kwiso:
- Opatanol;
- Zaditen;
- Allergodyl;
- Lecrolin;
- Nafkon-A;
- Cromohexal;
- Vizin;
- Okumil kunye neentetho.
Antihistamine ointments
Ukuba eso sifo sibonakalisa kuphela ngesimo semingxube, isikhumba esilumkileyo kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-dermatological, kungcono ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zendawo kuphela. Ama-antihistamine anjalo asebenza kwendawo, ngoko anqabile ukuba aphucule imiphumo engafunekiyo kwaye ayilwa ngumlutha. Uluhlu oluthile lokuguguza umzimba lunokukhethwa kuloluhlu:
- Nezulin;
- ESoderm;
- Flucinar;
- Celestoderm B;
- Elokom;
- Mesoderm;
- Lorinden;
- Irikar;
- Beloderm;
- Advantan;
- Isikhumba sekhumba;
- Fenistil;
- Belosalik;
- Sinaflan;
- Lokoid;
- IGystan kunye nezifana.