I-Ultrasound (i-ultrasound) ngokuqhelekileyo isekelwe kwimiphumo emibili: umphumo wokubonakalisa amaza aphezulu avela kumaphephandaba kunye nobunzima obuhlukeneyo kunye ne- Doppler effect . Ingqungquthela ye-ultrasonic yinto yokuqala, i-oscillation ye-mechanical nge-frequency ye-vibrations ezingaphezu kwama-20 ngeesibini. Kwi-US evamile - uphando olutshanje lwe-ultrasonic ukusuka kumgca we-emitter ungena kumathengi omntu, lugxininiswe ngabo okanye lubonakaliswe.
Izicubu ezahlukeneyo zibonakalisa i-ultrasound: umoya kunye nethambo ziphantse zibonise ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ngakumbi kwiisculi zomlambo, kulula ukutshintsha umtsalane. Ngomthombo wamanzi, umtshini ogqithisayo awudluli nje kuphela, kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, kunye nokukhuliswa kwesignali.
Umtsalane obonakalisiweyo ubuyela kwintloko kwaye uguqulwa ube ngumqondiso wombane, kwaye emva kokucwangciswa kuboniswa kwisikrini sokubonisa ngesimo somfanekiso. I-Doplerography isebenzisa amaza aphezulu, kodwa ingabonakali kwiindawo ezizimeleyo, kodwa ukusuka ekuhambeni kweendaba. Ingundoqo yendlela kukuba ngokubonakalisa kwinto ehambayo, utshintshi lwe-ultrasonic lushintsha i-frequency yayo. Ukukhawuleza kwejubane lokunyakaza-okubonakalayo, kwaye ngoko-Doplerography isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi ngamanzi.
Ngaba kuyingozi kubafazi abakhulelweyo?
Ekubeni ukugubha kwe-ultrasonic kuyimishini, akukho mfuneko yokuthetha malunga nayiphina imiphumo emibi emzimbeni okhulelwe okanye umntwana. Ewe, kunye nezixhobo zanamhlanje zexesha elifutshane kakhulu zikhupha umtsalane, kunye nexesha elide lokubamba izibonakaliso zalo (esebenza kwimodi yokutshatyalaliswa). Kodwa ngohlobo oluqhubekayo lwe-ultrasound (ikakhulukazi kwiinkqubo zeDoppler eziqhubekayo), uphawu lukhutshwa ixesha elide.
Umbane we-Ultrasound unempembelelo emithathu, okungafanelekanga ukulibala:
- umatshini (umphumo we-cavitation kunye nokwakhiwa kwamathambo-amaqhekeza kwiishubhu, apho umonakalo wabo kumgangatho omncinci unokwenzeka);
- i-thermal (amandla angenayo amaza e-ultrasonic kwizicubu ezinomlinganiselo omkhulu wamanzi ziguqulwa zibe zi-thermal, organ or heat and tissues);
- i-physico-chemicals (ukugqitywa kwee-intramolecular bonds phantsi kwefuthe le-ultrasound, kubandakanya kwinqanaba le-DNA).
Ngenxa yokubonakaliswa kwexesha elide kwi-ultrasound, ngokukodwa kwindlela yokuqhubekayo ye-radiation, nayiphi na imiphumo emibi kwizitho kunye nezicubu ze-fetus zinokwenzeka, kuba i-ultrasound rhoqo ngexesha lokukhulelwa liyingozi. Uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasound alukwazi ukuyenza kaninzi, kwaye i-dopplerography yeempahla ze-placenta kunye ne-fetus ngokuchanekileyo ngokwempawu.
Ingozi njani i-ultrasound xa ukhulelwa?
Phantse bonke abafazi abakhulelwe, befunda ukuba ngexesha lokukhulelwa kufuneka baphumelele kwiimvavanyo ze-ultrasound ezi-3, ukucinga malunga nokuba i-ultrasound iyingozi okanye ayikho. Nayiphi na impembelelo emzimbeni, kuquka i-ultrasound, isoloko ineempembelelo ezithile. Kodwa ukuba ayingabalulekanga ukuba inzuzo enkulu kunobungozi be-ultrasound ngexesha lokukhulelwa (imiphumo ingenzeka okanye ayiyi kwenzeka), ngoko kuyafaneleka ukuqikelela, kwaye yintoni eyenza i-ultrasounds?
Uviwo alujoliswanga kuphela ekufumaneni ubude bokukhulelwa okanye ukuseka isondo somntwana - okwesibini ngokuqhelekileyo ayinomdla kumdla ugqirha, kwaye yokuqala ingasungulwa ngamanye iindlela zophando. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound kungabonisa ukukhubazeka kokukhulelwa kunye nomntwana ngokwawo, kodwa kungekhona enye enokuthi ikhona, kodwa ekhona ekhoyo.
Okokuqala, i-ultrasound iqinisekisa ukukhulelwa kwe-uterine, inceda ukuxilonga ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili, ukulimala okungundoqo kwe-fetus (umzekelo, ukukhathazeka komntwana - ukungabikho kwengqondo) kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi (ukungabikho kwamalungu omzimba, ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo), kwimimiselo kamva ibonisa imeko i-placenta kunye nomtsalane.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kunobungozi ukwenza i-ultrasound kaninzi ngenye into, kodwa iimviwo ezi-3 zokuhlola (kwiiveki ezi-11 ukuya kwe-18 ukuya kweye-18 ukuya kweye-21 ukuya kweye-30-32 iiveki) kufuneka zigqitywe ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokufumanisa ukukhubazeka okukhuselekileyo kokukhulelwa kunye nokukhubazeka kwe-fetus, xa kuthelekiswa apho umbuzo othi i-ultrasound inobungozi ekukhuleleni, ayiyi kuvela.