Yintoni i-chauvinism njengento ebalulekileyo kuluntu? Le ngcamango isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezininzi zobomi, inxulumene kakhulu nezopolitiko, ubomi bezenhlalakahle, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu kunye nabasetyhini. I-Chauvinism ihamba ngokwayo isiqalo esiyingozi, isekelwe kwimvakalelo ephazamisayo.
I-Chauvinism - yintoni na?
Imbali yemvelaphi yegama elithi "chauvinism" ivela eFransi ukusuka ngexesha likaNapoleon Bonaparte. Umkhosi uNicolas Chauvin de Rochefort, wahlala engummeli ozinikeleyo wongameli wakhe kude kube sekupheleni. Igama liba ligama lomzi, laguqulelwa libe lixesha. I-Chauvinism kwingqondo eyintloko ingqiqo yeengcamango, esekelwe ngokuqinisekileyo kobukhulu besinye isizwe ngaphezu kwesinye. Ipolitiki enobudlova, ingcinezelo yindlela ezisetyenziselwa abaxhasi be-chauvinist ukuvuselela inzondo.
Ngoobani abaqhubi? Ngokungafani nobuzwe, apho "zonke izizwe zilingana", abacuki bawabona isizwe sabo esinamagunya akhethekileyo, amalungelo. UbuFascism ngenye yezinto ezinobungqina be-chauvinism, ulwaphulo-mthetho kubo bonke uluntu. Isiphumo - ukufa kwezigidi zabantu abavela kwiintlanga ezahlukeneyo, ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwenkcubeko kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.
I-Chauvinism - Psychology
Ingqiqo ye-chauvinism isetyenziswe ngabafundi bezengqondo. Amava okhuseleko lwe-psychotraumatic, okusekelwe kukunyanzeliswa, ubeka isohlwayo lomntwana kwiindlela ezimbi. Le nkwenkwe inokufunda isiphumo sobudlelwane obuyingozi phakathi kobawo nonina (ukubetha, ukuthotywa) kwaye iqhubele le nkqubo ngakumbi kwiintsapho zakhe ezizayo. Yintoni "i-chauvinism yindoda" ibonakala ngokucacileyo kumazwe asempuma, apho ekuqaleni imfundo yayakhiwe phezu kobukhulu besilisa ngaphezu komfazi.
I-Chauvinism kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwabantu
Ngokwenene, zombini iziganeko, i-chauvinism kunye nokuxhalaba, ziqulethe izinto ezichaphazelekayo (imizondo, ukungathandi, ukudelelwa). I-Xenophobia - ingcamango ebanzi-ukwesaba umntu olahlekelwa ngumntu, ukuphelisa ubuhlanga babo. Ukwesaba i-paranoid ye-xenophobes kwandiswa kubo bonke abaphambukeliyo: isizwe, ubuhlanga, inkcubeko, inkolo. I-Chauvinism yenye yeendlela zokuxhatshazwa kwabantu ezinobundlobongela kwaye zichasene ngokugqithiseleyo iimfuno zesizwe sazo ukuze zonakalise abanye.
Iimpawu ze-chauvinism
Kwimimandla yanamhlanje, ukubonakaliswa okucacileyo okuchasayo akuvumelekanga, kuhlawuliswa ngokungekho mthethweni. Izenzo zezopolitiko ezisekelwe ekuthambekeni kwe-chauvinism aziyi kubakhokelela ekuqondeni, ukuvuleka, uxolo phakathi kweentlanga, ngoko ke andinakuvuyela inkxaso yabantu abaninzi. Iimiphumo eziphazamisayo: imfazwe, imfazwe. Ngomntu ngamnye, i-chauvinism ikhoyo "njengendlela yokujonga", ngokuyininzi kumadoda. Iimpawu ze-chauvinist:
- Indoda ye-chauvinist ngokuzikhethela "ilwa" ngokumelene ne-chauvinism, igxeke abanye ngaye, ngaphandle kwayo;
- uzijonga ekhululekile kwizenzo zobuhlanga;
- ukunyanisekisa "ubukhulu", "ukunye" kwe "inzala" yabantu bayo;
- iphakamisa umgangatho wesizwe sakhe;
- Ukholelwa ukuba bonke abantu "i-priori" kufuneka bathande, bayamhlonela isizwe sakhe, bamcaphukise, bahlangane nokunganakwa;
- uyaphawula ngokuchanekileyo ukungaphumeleli kwamanye amaqela, kodwa akazizi izinto ezintle kunye neempawu zabantu bakhe.
Iintlobo ze-chauvinism
Ukuba sicinga ngokucacileyo umzekelo onokrkrha ukusuka kwimbali, ngoko kwiRussia XIX-XX yeenkulungwane. "Amandla amakhulu amakhulu" - inkulumo ebonisa ubukhosi bobukhosi kwizinye iintlanga, kunye neBolsheviks eza ezachasene nobuzwe kunye neengcinga ezinobungozi zaqala ukugqithiswa, kodwa njengentlalo-ntshukumo ekhoyo kumazwe ehlabathi lesithathu. Kuza kube yimhla, ukugqiba ukuba yiyiphi intshutshiso kwezinye iindidi zentlalo kunye noluntu, iingcali zihlukanisa iintlobo ezininzi:
- zonqulo (ukuvuma);
- kwindlu;
- ngokobuhlanga;
- yobudala be-chauvinism;
- ngokwesini;
- ulwimi.
Ubulili
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luphi uhlobo lokubonakaliswa - i-chauvinism isekelwe ekunciphiseni nasekulawulweni kwabanye kwabanye, ukuphulwa, ukungalingani kwamalungelo. I-worldview esekelwe ekucaleni ngokwesini yabizwa ngokuba ngumlingani wesini okanye ubulili besondo. Ukwahluka kwintsiko yemvelo phakathi kwendoda nomfazi kubangela ukungalingani kwimbonakaliso yezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho nezentlalo-le ngcamango yezocansi. Iindima zengqondo zidlala indima ephambili ekugcineni i-chauvinism yesini.
Uluhlu lwabantu besilisa
Amadoda anokuba neemvakalelo zothando, uvelwano lwabesetyhini, kodwa ungabalingani ukuba lingalingani, ngenxa yecala lokutshatyalaliswa kwengqondo. I-chauvinism yamadoda - igama (elinye igama-ubulili), eliqulunqwe ngabasetyhini baseMerika. Umbhali uN. Shmelev wayejonga ukuba i-chauvinism yindoda ibe yinxalenye yomntu. Ngaphandle kokuqonda, indoda nayiphi na umzuzu inokutshela i-anecdote malunga "nomfazi oyisiphukuphuku" okanye "umkhwekazi ombi".
Ubume bokubonakalisa kwintlungu ye-chauvinism:
- Ilizwi lamadoda ngumthetho wabasetyhini;
- le ndoda yintloko kwintsapho;
- ingqondo, ingqiqo kunye nengqondo-umahluko phakathi kwendoda kunye nomfazi, okuye kuphela okuvakalelwa nguye;
- indoda ihlala ilungile;
- kumntu - ukubonakala komthandi kuyakhuthazwa, kuba ibhinqa-oku kukunyanzeliswa koluntu
I-chauvinism yamadoda
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII. Amazwe aseYurophu aqala ukuvakalisa ukulingana kwabo namadoda. Ibinzana le-American likhupha u-Abigail Smith Adams: "Asiyi kuthobela imithetho, ngokuthotyelwa kwayo esingayithathi nxaxheba, kwaye amagunya angabonakali umdla wethu" ayehla kwimbali. Ubufazi buyindlela yokucinga, kangangokuba iinkulungwane eziliqela zifumana amandla kunye nobubanzi. Abafazi bakwazi ukuphumeza amalungelo afanayo namadoda ngeli xesha:
- ukuhlala kwiindawo eziphambili;
- nxubile;
- inkonzo yomkhosi;
- ukhetho lwaluphi na umsebenzi;
- ukhetho lokuzikhethela ngolwabelana ngesondo.
Konke oku kunceda abafazi ukuba babe namandla ngakumbi kuluntu, ukuba luncedo, luncedo. I-chauvinism yabesifazana ingumzekelo owavela ngokutsha nje. Ngokungafani nabesifazane, ukuqonda amalungelo abantu kunye nokulwela amalungelo alinganayo nabo, abahlaziyi-bahlaziyi-bahlaziye indima yabantu, bagxininisa ukuphakama kwabo. Amadoda athi a mabhinqa aphula amalungelo abo, bona ukucalulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- ubudala bokuthatha umhlalaphantsi xa kuqhathaniswa namadoda;
- Izinga eliphantsi lomsebenzi;
- isidingo sokuthintela i-headgear kwibala lemidlalo, icawa-ibhinqa ayifuni ukwenza oku;
- isigqibo sokuphelisa ukukhulelwa-umfazi angathatha eyedwa.
I-Chauvinism kwiLizwe lamanje
Ukuxabisa izithethe zethu, indlela yobomi, inkolo, ulwimi, umculo luyinto eqhelekileyo yokufuna abantu banoma yiphi ubuzwe. Umgangatho ophakamileyo wokuziphatha, ukukhula ngokomoya kunceda ukubona iintlobo kunye nobuhle bobubanzi belizwe lonke. I-chauvinism yenkcubeko isasaza ifa layo njengelona kuphela kwaye liphezulu kwamanye amasiko - ludinga ukuqonda abantu .
Chauvinism eBhayibhileni
Yintoni i-chauvinism yanamhlanje? Ayikho imbono eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabahlali kunye nezinye iingcali. Imvelaphi yale ngqungquthela ivela kwizinzulu ezidlulileyo. I-chauvinism yamadoda ebuKristwini isekelwe kwimbali yokudalwa kwehlabathi. UThixo owokuqala wadala uAdam, kwintambo eyadalwa nguEva - ngenduduzo. Ukuthunjwa kwiParadesi kubangelwa kukuphosa kukaEva, owathobayo (evelele kwisilingo senyoka) i-apula-isiqhamo solwazi. "Yonke ingxaki yowesifazane!" - lo mboniso awuzange uphelelwe ngumsebenzi kwixesha lethu.