Oomama abancinci abaninzi banenkxalabo xa i-fontanelle ingaphezu komntwana, ngenxa yoko, ezinye iimpazamo zithathile ingcambu, nto leyo eyenza kubalulekile ukugxila kule nkalo ye-anatomical yeintsana. Ziziphi iimpazamo ezivela kumhla kunokubonisa, siya kuqwalasela.
URodnichok kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa - yintoni na?
Isakhiwo sekhanda kubantwana abancinci asifani nabantu abadala. Kwinkqubo yokukhuliswa komntwana komntwana, okubizwa ngokuba yi-fontanels yenziwe kwiindawo ezingenanto ezixhambileyo ezidibanisa amathambo enkayi, eyagqitha kamva ngokubunjwa kwe-fastening, i-sutures engapheliyo. Intwasahlobo yabantwana yinkimbinkimbi ye-intanethi ye-tissue edibeneyo ekhusela i-meninges kakuhle kumonakalo (ngoko ungesabi ukutsala, ukudibanisa, uhlambe intloko yeemvuthu).
Zingaphi iimboli zomnatha umntwana analo?
Inani elipheleleyo lamagama angamafonti kumntwana sixhenxe:
- phambili (enkulu) ifanelini kumntwana - itholakala kwi temechka, ekuhlanganiseni kwamathambo angaphambili kunye namaparetali;
- Emuva - phakathi kwama-occipital kunye namathambo amabini e-parietal;
- Iimbini zokuqala zeepalaneli (i-wedge-shaped) - phakathi kweparietal, i-temporal, i-frontal kunye ne-bones-shaped bones;
- Idilesi yesibini yomxholongo (i-mastoid) - phakathi kweparietal, amathambo wexesha le-occipital.
Iyintoni i-fontanel yabantwana?
Ukuqwalasela ukuba kutheni i-fontanel, ngokukhawuleza kubalulekile ukuphawula indima yalezi zifundo kwinkqubo yabasebenzi. I-Rodnichki yenza ukuba kwenzeke ukuba amathambo enqununu afunyenwe omnye phezu komnye, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise ubukhulu bentloko kwaye ahlengahlengise ubukhulu bekhanda elincinci lomama (ngoko, ngokukhawuleza emva kokubonakala kwentloko, intloko ibonakala ixhomekeke, kodwa kungekudala ifom eqhelekileyo ibuyiselwa). Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba amathambo enkayi ahambe ngokukhululekileyo ngedaka lokuzalwa ngexesha lokunikezelwa, kwaye umthwalo kunye noxinzelelo kumathambo kunye neengqondo zincinci.
Ngaphandle kwamafayelini, amathuba okulimala entloko yomntwana kunye nomnyuzo wokuzalwa komama uya kuba phezulu. Kwixesha elizayo bathatha eminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo:
- ukufudumala (ukususwa kobushushu obuninzi ukusuka kwingqondo kunye nobushushu obandayo);
- imisebenzi ephazamisayo-ukunciphisa umphumo wamandla kwingozi, iyawa;
- Ukubonelela ngesithuba esiphezulu sokukhula kobuchopho ngokwezinga lemvelo.
Yintoni ekufuneka ibe yipenanel yomntwana?
Ubukhulu beefowanels kubantwana bahluka. I-latal isancinci, njengama-seams angaphezu kwama-5 mm ububanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintsana ezizalwe ngexesha zilibazisekile ngexesha lokuzalwa okanye emva kwangoko (ezinyangeni ezimbini) kwaye ezingabonakali kubazali. I-fontanelle yangemuva inesimo esingunxantathu kunye nobukhulu obungaphezulu kwama-7-10 mm. Uninzi lwexesha elipheleleyo lwezithuba lizalwe nge-fontanelle evaliweyo, kodwa ukhetho oluqhelekileyo lukwavulekileyo kwimeko yokuzalwa.
I-fontanel enkulu yentsana izalwa isimo se-rhombus esilinganisa malunga ne-2 okanye-3 ngo-3 cm. Ngokuqhelekileyo, emva kokuzalwa, ivulekile, kwaye ivalwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukulawula izinga lokugqithisa kwalo, umlinganiselo wenziwa kuviwo lomzimba ngamnye kwaye iziphumo zibhalwa kwikhadi. Kodwa kunokwenzeka ukwenza oku ekhaya, apho kungekho zakhono ezizodwa okanye izixhobo ezifunekayo - faka iminwe yakho kungekho kwicala eliphambili kumacangca yedayimane, kodwa kwiindawo eziphambili (ububanzi bomnwe omnye bu malunga ne-1 cm).
Kuphi umdala umgca wepeyinel wongamela umntwana?
Ukuba kuthe kwathiwa xa i-fontanelle ikhula kumntwana, isiqhelo sisoloko sithinta i-fontanel yangaphakathi. Amagqabi anqamle umda wefontili emacaleni athambileyo, ngoko ke ngcinezelo oluncinci, umntu unokuziva ehamba kancane. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, izicubu ezininzi zethambo ziqala ukukhula zijikeleze, ukuze amathambo athambileyo akhule. Kancinci, i-membrane yesikhokelo esithintekayo ithatyathwa yithambo leethambo, kwaye i-fontanelle igxininisa.
Yiyo ndlela inkqubo yokuqhubekiswa kwe-ossification iqhubeka ngayo, kodwa imigaqo yabo ingahluka kakhulu kubantwana abahlukeneyo-ukusuka kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-fontanel enkulu ivala iinyanga ezinama-10-14, kwaye ezi zibalo zithathwa njengezinga eliqhelekileyo lokulinganisa. Abanye bakholelwa ngephutha ukuba xa i-fontanelle ivala kumntwana, ukukhula kwekhayi kuphelile. Enyanisweni, iimbumba ezixhumeneyo aziyiyo kuphela indawo yokukhula kwekhayi, kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo ebalulekileyo kule ndawo, ehlala ivula kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amabini.
Ukuba i-fontanelle ingaphezulu kwesiqhelo
Abanye abantwana bazalwa benesimboli esingaphandle, bafikelela kwi-3.5 cm okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kuyinto evamile ukuba umntwana azalwe ngokukhawuleza okanye unelungelo lokufa (omnye wabazali wazalwa enefonti enkulu). Ukongezelela, oku kungabangela iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ezihambelana nokusilela kumzimba womama wamavithamini kunye namaminerali. Ukuvalwa kwefontiyel kubantwana abangaphezu kwamaqondo asemgangathweni kunokuthi kwenzeke ngokuthe ngcembe ngakumbi. Udinga ukubona ugqirha ukuba ubungakanani abukatshintshi kwiinyanga ezili-8.
I-pathologically i-fontanel enkulu inokudibaniswa nokuphulwa okunjalo:
- ukuzalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa;
- i-hydrocephalus ;
- ukuphulwa kophuhliso lwesistim ososous njalo njalo.
Spring isezantsi
I-fontanel encinane kumntwana ekuzalweni ngokuqhelekileyo yinto ebonakalayo yerkull enezinto eziphilayo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ngengqondo yokuba ngenxa yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwengqondo kunye neetekisi kwiisithuba zokuqala ezintlanu zobomi, kunokunyuka ngokukhawuleza. Kubalulekile ukucingisisa kungekhona kuphela xa i-fontanelle ikhula kumntwana, kwaye yintoni na ubukhulu bayo, kodwa kunye nokujikeleza, ukulingana kwentloko, imeko epheleleyo yengane.
Izizathu ze-fontanel encinci ezihlobene nezifo:
- i-craniosynostosis;
- iingxaki ze-endocrine;
- izifo zegazi;
- izifo kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka.
Kutheni i-fontanel ingakhula kumntwana?
Ukuba ixesha eliqhelekileyo eliqhelekileyo lisondela xa i-fontanel imele ibe ngaphezu komntwana ngokupheleleyo, kwaye izinga lokuvalwa kwalo likhulu kakhulu, lingabonisa ukuba khona kwezilwanyana:
- izifo ezizalwe ngumzimba we-thyroid gland;
- iiplanga ;
- achondrodysplasia;
- I-Down's syndrome kunye nabanye.
Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba xa i-fontanelle igxininisa ngexesha lomntwana, phantse akukaze kube yimiqondiso kuphela yecala. Kubalulekile ukubeka ingqalelo kwimibonakalo enokubonakala njengokwenkqisa, ukujuluka, ukungondleki, ukunyanzelisa, kunye nokuphulwa kweempendulo zengqondo. Ukufumana isizathu asikwazi kuphela ugqirha, emva kokuqhuba izifundo ezithile nokuvavanya ngokucacileyo imeko yomntwana, ngokuqwalasela iimpawu zomgaqo-siseko zokuphuhliswa kwabazali ngeli xesha.
Musa ukugqithisa i-fontanel - yintoni oyenzayo?
Abazali abaninzi baqala ukuxhalaba xa umntwana uneminyaka elidala, i-fontanel ayikho ngaphezulu. Ukuba kukho iinkxalabo malunga nemeko yengane, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe ngumntwana wezingane, i-endocrinologist, i-neurologist, i-geneticist. Uhlalutyo lufunekayo ukucacisa ukuba i-calcium ingakanani emzimbeni womntwana. Uphando olongezelelweyo lubekwe ngokuhambelana nokumiselwa kwesifo. Abazali akufanele banikeze amayeza abo baze basebenzise ubugcisa obudumileyo.