Naliphi na umntwana okhulelweyo ulindele ukubonakala kweetekisi ezithambileyo, okuqhelekileyo kubonisa ukuba umntwana uphuhliswe kakuhle kwaye ukhula. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala kumama ukuba umntwana ufumana ubunzima obunzima kwaye ude kakhulu emva koontanga bakhe.
Ubunzima bomntwana ngexesha lokuzalwa luchaphazela izinto ezininzi, kubandakanya ukuzalwa, umgangatho wempilo kamama kunye neempawu zokutya kwakhe ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi, umntwana usoloko elahlekelwa ngu-10% wobunzima bawo, obunxulumene nokukhululwa kwezilwanyana zangaphambili (meconium) kunye nokulungiswa komzimba.
Umntwana unokunyaniseka njani?
Kuze kube seenyanga ezimbini ubudala kucebise ukuba uqikelele umntwana rhoqo ngeveki, ngexesha lonyaka wokuqala-kanye ngenyanga.
Ixabiso lentengo yokufumana ubunzima:
- kwikota yokuqala - 200 g ngeveki;
- kwikota yesibini - 130 g ngeveki;
- kwikota yesithathu - 85 amagremu ngeveki;
- kwikota yesine - 75 g ngeveki.
Ubunzima bomzimba bufanele buphindwe kabini kwiinyanga ezi-ezine kwaye buphindwe kathathu ngonyaka. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba zonke iithebula zinika kuphela amanani alinganiselwayo, kwaye umntwana ngamnye ukhula ngokwemithetho yakhe. Ukuba umntwana akafumani ubunzima obubi, kodwa ehlala ekhuthele kwaye ehambayo, isikhumba sakhe asikho mhlophe, ngoko akufanele ukhathazeke. Ukuba ulusu lomntwana liluhlaza kwaye ludaka, oku kungabonisa ukungondleki. Indlela yokuziphatha ayikwazi ukuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ubisi lwebwane lwanele - umntwana olambileyo unokukhala yonke imini okanye ngokuchasene nokulala.
Kutheni umntwana engakwazi ukunyuka?
Isizathu sokuba umntwana akanako ukunyuka, kunokukho izifo, umzekelo, ukusuleleka kwi-helminths okanye iingxaki zendalo. Kodwa ngokusoloko iphoso lokufumana ubunzima obunelungelo lokufumana isisindo sokutya esingaqinisekanga. Hlola ukuba umntwana unayo ubisi obaneleyo, unako ngenani leenqatha ezimanzi. Ngolunye usuku kufuneka ulahle i-diapers kwaye ubone ukuba kaninzi kangakanani umntwana opheka. Amabele ukuya kunyaka ngokuqhelekileyo amanzi angama-12-14 ngamaxesha, ngelixa umchamo kufuneka ube yi-flaorless yellow yellow.
Ukuba, emva kokuvavanya, ufumanisa ukuba umntwana akazukufumana okanye ayeke ukuzuza ubunzima ngenxa yokungabi nobisi, ke ungashenyuli ngokukhawuleza kwisitoreli ukuze ukhange.
Ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo zijoliswe ekuncedeni umntwana wakho ukuba abe namandla:
- Ukuba umama kunye nosana bafumana ukutya okukhululekayo (ngokufunwa), ngoko umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa angakwazi ukufumana ubunzima ngenxa yobuncitshi bokunciphisa. Ukulungelelaniswa kunokunciphisa ngenxa yokungondleki komama okanye ukudluliselwa kwengcinezelo. Kukho iingxaki zokuhlambalaza, apho umntwana adinga ubisi oluninzi, kwaye akanako okwaneleyo. Kule meko, umama kufuneka akhulise inani lemali eliselayo - ukusela itiye nobisi, i-herbal tea okanye itiye ukwenyusa i-lactation emva kokutya. Ama-Walnuts kunye namavithamini oongikazi kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nabo bancedo. Kwimveliso yekhempi ungathenga isilwanyana samanje se-apilac esekelwe ubisi lomama wezinyosi.
- Ukuncelisa ibinzana elingenakufumana isisindo, akufanele sidle kuphela ngemini, kodwa ebusuku.
Ukuba umntwana ulala ubusuku bonke, kufuneka ukuba isetyenziswe kwisifuba rhoqo emva kweeyure ezintathu, ngelixa ufanele uqinisekise ukuba umntwana akasabambeli esifubeni sakhe kuphela, kodwa uyamlisela. Ukwenza oku, unokufuna ukuvusa umntwana. - Umntwana onobuqili ukusondeza isifuba okanye ngenxa yobuthakathaka akakwazi ukuyiphumeza inani elifunekayo lobisi, kufuneka abe sebele xa efuna (ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu kweyure). Ngeli xesha, uya kuncibilikisa ubisi olunotyebileyo, olukhuthaza ukukhula okuphumelelayo nokufumana ubunzima.
- Isizathu sokuba kutheni umntwana angabi nesisindo simbi, kwaye ukungeniswa kokutya okuncedisayo kunokungalunganga. Ngamanye amaxesha oomama bavelisa ubunqweno obuninzi, kwaye apheli kakuhle. Ngoko ke, nangokungeniswa kokutya okuncedisayo, akufanele uyeke ukondla umntwana wakho ukuphucula ukufana kokutya okutsha.