Kusuka kwibhentshi yesikolo, sikhumbula ukuba indawo ephezulu yeplanethi yethu yi-Everest. Makhe sibone ngokucacileyo apho le ntaba yeentaba ikhona khona, kwaye yiyiphi inyaniso enomdla edibene nayo.
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Kuphi i-summit ye-Everest?
Intaba Everest, okanye, njengoko kuthiwa ngenye indlela, iJomolungma yenye yeephakamileyo zeentaba ze-Himalayan . Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ngqo ilizwe apho iNtaba ye-Everest ikhona khona, ekubeni ikhona ngqo kumda weNepal kunye neChina. Kukholelwa ukuba ukuphakama kwaloo nto ingaphezulu kweChina, okanye ngokuthe ngqo - kwiNgingqi yeTibet Autonomous . Ngelo xesha, umthambeka ogqithiseleyo weentaba ungaseningizimu, kwaye uEverest ngokwayo unomfanekiso wepiramidi equkethe ubuso obuthathu.
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U-Everest wabizwa ngokuba ngumzuzwana wesiNgesi, owenza igalelo elikhulu ekufundeni i-geodesy kule ndawo. Igama lesibini - iJomolungma - intaba efunyenwe kwigama elithi Tibetan "qomo ma lung", oku kuthetha "umama wobuThixo bomntu". Inqanaba eliphezulu leMhlaba linalo igama lesithathu - iSagarmatha, eliguqulelwe ulwimi lwaseNepal - "Unina woothixo". Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba abemi baseTibet naseNepal basendulo babecinga ukuba imvelaphi yaloo ntaba ephakamileyo ayibonakali nje njengobonakaliso bodhixo ophezulu.
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Ngokuphathelele ukuphakama kweNtaba i-Everest, yinto eyi-8848 m - lo ngumfanekiso osemthethweni olawula ukuphakama kwesi ntaba ngaphezu kwinqanaba lolwandle. Kwakhona kufaka iipasiti zemali, ngelixa ukuphakama kwethala eliqinileyo lentaba kufinyelela ngaphantsi kwe-8844 m.
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Owokuqala ukunqoba ukuphakama kwaba ngumhlali waseNew Zealand E. Hillary kunye noSherp (ummi weenxa zonke zeJomolungma e-Nepal) uT. Norgay ngo-1953. Emva koko, iirekhodi ezininzi zokunyuka kwe-Everest zabekwa: indlela eyona nzima, ukunyuka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izilwanyana zomoya, ubude obude bokuhlala phezulu, iminyaka yobudala kunabo bonke (iminyaka eli-13 ubudala) kunye nomdala endala (iminyaka engama-80) enqobileyo ye-Everest nabanye.
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Indlela yokufikelela ku-Everest?
Ngoku sele uyayazi ukuba u-Everest uhlalaphi. Kodwa ukufika kuyo akulula kangangoko kubonakala ngathi ukujonga kuqala. Okokuqala, ukuze kuphakanyiswe phezulu kwehlabathi, kuyimfuneko ngokwenene ukuba ubhalise kumgca kwaye ulinde okungenani iminyaka emininzi. Indlela elula yokwenza oku njengenxalenye yenkxaso evela kwelinye leefisi zoshishino ezizodwa: zibonelela ngezixhobo ezifunekayo, ukuqeqesha nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluhambelana nokukhuphuka ngexesha lokunyuka. Abasemagunyeni baseTshayina nabaseNepal bafumana kakuhle abo banqwenela ukunqoba iNtaba ye-Everest: ukudlula kwinqanaba lentaba kunye nemvume yokunyuka okuzayo kuya kuba neendleko zokufuna imali engama-dollar ayi-60 000.
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Ukongezelela kwimali eninzi, uza kuchitha iiinyanga ezi-2 ukwenzela ukuba ulungelelanise, uqeqesho oluncinane olufunekayo nokuziphucula. Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwe ukuba ukukhuphuka okukhuselekileyo kwiNtaba i-Everest kunokwenzeka kuphela ngamaxesha athile enyaka: ukususela ngoMatshi ukuya kuMeyi ukususela ngoSeptemba ukuya ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha. Yonke inxalenye yonyaka kwindawo apho iNtaba i-Everest ikhona, kukho izinto ezingathandekiyo kwiimeko zemozulu ze-alpinism.
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Imbali yokunyuka kweJomolongmu iyazi iziganeko ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezihlaselayo. Bobabini abaqalayo kunye nabaqhubi beemoto abaye bafa xa bezama ukunqoba i-summit. Izizathu eziphambili zezi zimozulu ezinzima (phezulu kwentaba ukushisa kwehla ngaphantsi kwe -60 ° C, umoya uvuthela emoyeni), inqabile kakhulu umoya weentaba, i-avalanche zeqhwa kunye neengqungquthela. Ngaphandle kweemeko zokufa kwabantu abaninzi kwiNtaba ye-Everest bayaziwa. Ingqungquthela eyinkxalabo ithathwa njengecandelo lentlambo elungileyo, xa i-300 m ihlala iphezulu ukuya phezulu: ibizwa ngokuba "i-mile ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni".
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