Eyona yingozi kakhulu yingozi yetyhemikhali. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomntu onobuthi oye wangena emzimbeni, uncedo lokuqala kwixhoba luyahluka ngokungafaniyo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umntu onetyhefu kufuneka aboniswe ngugqirha, ngoko usindiso lobomi lufanele luqale ngocingo logqirha.
Imigaqo jikelele
Uncedo lokuqala lwezonyango lokutyhefuza iikhemikhali lusekelwe kwindlela udosi engena ngayo umzimba.
- Ukuba utyhefu luboshwe ngesikhumba, iindawo ezichaphazelekayo kufuneka zihlanjwe ngamanzi amaninzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba igxotha ngaphandle kokulimaza umzimba kwenye indawo. Ukuhlanjululwa kwenzelwa ubuncinci beemitha ezili-10. Ukulinda oogqirha, ixhoba lifudumala, liyamnika i-sedative.
- Ukuba i-toxin ingene emiphakeni, uncedo lokuqala kwi-poisoning kufuneka luqale ngokubonelela ixhoba ukufikelela emoyeni omtsha-uyifake kwisitrato okanye uvule iifestile kunye neengcango, udale idrafti. Isigulane sifanele sihlolisise i-pulse, ukuba kuyimfuneko, unikezele ukuphefumla. Ukuba umntu onetyhefu uphefumula, kungcono ukuwubeka kwindawo yokubuyisela (kwisisu, intloko iphendukele kwicala). Kubalulekile ukukhupha intshukumo yokunqanda izambatho, ukususa izinto eziphazamisayo kunye nokusasaza into elula, ukwenzela ukuba ixhoba alinakulimala xa kwenzeka ukuba unqabile. Nika isiselo okanye utyhefu awukwazi.
- Ukuba utyhefu ungena kwi-digestive tract, uncedo lokuqala kwi-poisoning kufuneka luqale ngokuchongwa kwe-toxin. Ngaphambi kokufika kogqirha, kubalulekile ukuzama ukuhlaziya okanye ukususa ubuthi uze ufikelele. Ukuba unetyhefu engqondweni kwaye akukho zithintelo, ngoko unako ukumnika iiglasi ze-1 - 2 zamanzi (mhlawumbi i-mineral) okanye ubisi. Phuza kwi-sips encinci. Unokuzama ukunyusa ukuhlanza, apho kukukhetha ukusebenzisa i-Ipecakuanas isiraphu okanye indlela yokwenza umatshini (ucinezela ingcambu yolwimi ngeminwe emibili). Ukuba kukho ukuphazamiseka okanye ukulahleka kwengqondo, ezi zenzo zichasene.
Awukwazi ukwenza ukuhlanza:
- xa utyhefu nge-liquoous liquor - ammonia, i-acids, i-alkalis, i-chlorine lime, i-detergents ezinamandla; iimpawu - zitshisa emlonyeni;
- xa utyhefu nge-kerosene, umtshini wokutshiza, upende wancinci, i-petroli kunye nezinye iimveliso zepetroleum; uphawu lwe-petroliyali oluvumbayo emlonyeni;
- ityhefu yetyhefu, imvelaphi yayo engaziwayo.
Uncedo lokuqala lobutyhefu nge-ammonia
I-ammonia enetyhefu kufuneka isuswe kwindawo yengozi, ihlanjululwe isikhumba esichaphazelekayo kunye neembrane ezinamaqabunga (ngakumbi amehlo) ngamanzi. Ixhoba linikezwa ukusela iBrijomi okanye ubisi, ulawulo lokuthula lucetyiswa. Ngokuvuvukala kwe-larynx okanye i-sparm ye-glottis, iibhegi ezinyawo ezitshisayo kunye neengxowa zesardadi (i-compress warm) ziboniswa entanyeni. Ku luncedo ukukhupha i-viniga okanye i-citric acid.
Uncedo lokuqala lobutyhefu ngee-pesticides
Ixhoba lihlanza, ihlamba isisu kunye ne-potassium permanganate (1: 5000), amanzi ahlambulukileyo okanye isisombululo semasarddi eyomileyo (iipuniji ezi-2 nge 200 ml). Emva koko unike i-charcoal ngamanzi ngamanzi (iipilisi ezi-2 ukuya kwe-3 ngekombe yehafu) kunye ne-laxative (20 g ityuwa nge 100 ml amanzi). Ungasebenzisi i-oily substances, umzekelo - ioli ye-castor.
Uncedo lokuqala lobutyhefu ngamanzi
Ukutyhefuza ngamaphule e-petroli, i-parafini - ixhoba ithathwa emoyeni omtsha (emva koko iimpawu zihamba ngokukhawuleza). Ku luncedo ukuhlamba isisu nge-potassium permanganate, ukuthatha i-laxative yetyuwa. Ngokufanelekileyo ubambe i-cube yeqhwa phantsi kolwimi lwakho.
Xa utyhefu nge-turpentine, isisu ihlanjwe nge-charcoal kunye namanzi. Emva koko ixhoba linikezwa i-jelly okanye ubisi. Ubuhlungu kwisisu buyanciphisa i-cubes ebusayo.
Ukuba kwakukho utyhefu kunye ne-acetone, hlamba isisu nge-activated charcoal ngamanzi kunye nosawoti.
Uncedo lokuqala lokutyhefuza i-nicotine
Ixhoba linikezelwa ukufikelela kwomoya omtsha, i-charcoal esebenzayo inikwe, ngoko isisu sageza nge-manganese (1: 1000). Ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha eze, kuyakunceda ukusela iikomityi ezimbalwa zetiyi eqinile ngaphandle kweshukela, kuba i-caffeine iyadingeka ukubuyisela intliziyo.