Akunabantu abazimeleyo kwaye wonke umntu unalo okanye ukuxhomekeka - izilwanyana kunye nezifo zengqondo. Ukuziphatha kakubi kudlulela ngaphaya kwezinto eziqhelekileyo, kwaye umda ophakathi komgangatho oqhelekileyo kunye neengxaki zokugula. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ukutya ngokutya kunye nendlala, isidingo sokuthenga okungapheli kwezinto - konke oku kuziphatha ngokuxhomekeka.
Ukuziphatha ngokutsha - yintoni na?
Emashumi ambalwa eminyaka edlulileyo, "umlutha" wayebhekwa njengelinye ixesha kumsebenzi weengcali ze-narcologists kwaye wayebonisa ukuxhomekeka komntu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali. Okwangoku, ukuziphatha komlingo yindlela yokuziphatha okubi ekujoliswe kuyo. Umlutha ngumntu ozama ukuphepha ukunyaniseka kunye neengxaki zakhe ngokukushiya ngoncedo oluthile lokuxhomekeka kwizinto, izinto ezintle, izinto. Xa umlutha, umntu ukhulisa uxhaphazo oluneqilima okanye ukuxhomekeka kwinto yokuxhomekeka.
Izizathu zokuziphatha komlutha
Umxholo wokuziphatha umlutha uquka izizathu ezininzi okanye izinto ezifunekayo zokuqala:
- Izizathu zeBhiliyo . Ngowe-1990, isazi senzululwazi waseMerika uK. Blume senze uphando malunga nokuvelisa utywala, yafumanisa umthamo wokulutha, eyayibiza ngokuthi "umvuzo wemfuyo". Kamva, ekuhloliseni abantu abanomdla wokutshaya, ukutya ngokutya, le geni yachongwa kwakhona. Esinye isizathu kukuba isikhungo sokuzonwabisa esichengeni somlingo asisebenziswanga kakuhle kwaye umntu uqala ukuzalisa ukungabi nandipha ngokuncediswa kwezinto ezenziweyo okanye izinto zokubamba.
- Izizathu zentlalo . Imiqathango ekhuthaza ukuphuhliswa komntu wokulutha:
- bahoywa ngabazali
- iintsapho zengxabano;
- ukungahoywa kweengxaki, iimvakalelo zomntwana;
- Abazali "bathululela" iingxaki zotywala, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi.
Iingcali zengqondo zihlula ngokwahlukileyo izizathu ezihambelana neempawu zobuqu zokuphuhliswa komlingo (ngokuqhelekileyo oku kubonakala kubutsha):
- ukusilela;
- umnqweno wokuma phakathi koontanga;
- izinga eliphantsi lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima;
- ukungakhulelwa;
- khuseli;
- umnqweno onzulu, ophazamisayo.
Iimpawu zokuziphatha komlutha
Umlutha wokuziphatha umlutha awunakuthi uqwalaselwe kumanyathelo okuqala kwaye kunzima ukufumanisa uhlobo oluxhamlayo lokuxhomekeka. Imiqondiso onokuyiqonda ngayo umlutha:
- ukwesaba nokunyamezela koluntu;
- ukwesaba ukugatywa;
- ubungozi ekuphenduleni ukugxeka;
- ngenxa yokwesaba ukutshatyalaliswa, uyavumelana nabanye, nokuba ngaba bengalungile;
- akukho mfanelo yoxanduva;
- ukunyaniseka;
- ukuxhalaba kunye neengqondo;
- izithethe kunye nezenzo eziphindaphindiweyo (eziphindaphindiweyo) ngokuziphatha;
- ukhetho lokwenyaniso;
- utshintsho oluqhubekayo kwi-psychophysical state.
Iintlobo zokwenza umlutha
Ukuziphatha kwezilingo kunye neentlobo zengqondo yesintu kunye ne-narcology:
- Umlutha. Umnqweno omtsha, amava angachangekanga uchitha yonke into esuka ebomini engahambelani namachiza.
- Utywala. Ubungqina bokuphumula kunye "ukugalela" iingxaki zabo kotywala - kukhokelela ekuveleni ngokukhawuleza kokuxhomekeka kotywala.
- Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu, ukubonakaliswa - ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha ngokwesondo, kubonakalisa abo ba khulela kwiintsapho ezibandayo okanye baba ngamaxhoba obundlobongela besondo ebuntwaneni.
- Ukutya umlutha. I-Anorexia kunye ne-bulimia zidla izifo. Ukuzila ukutya kungenxa yokunyanzela indlela yokuzimelela ngokubamba "ubuthathaka" bomzimba. Nge-bulimia - ukutya kuba yindlela yokuphazamisa umntu kwiingcamango ezibuhlungu, iimvakalelo zokungaphantsi.
- Umlutha we-Intanethi. Ukushiya ihlabathi lenene ngokwenene.
Ukunyangwa kweendlela zokulutha
Ukunyamezela ukuziphatha komlingo kunzima ukunyanga, ukuba umlutha awuqapheli umlutha wakhe. Unonyango oluphambili luqhutyelwa nguthambo lwezonyango, kunye nezobisi zamakhemikhali zihamba kunye nophando lweengcali kwi-narcology. Ukulungiswa kokuziphatha komlutha, ukongeza kwonyango lweziyobisi, kubandakanya i-psychotherapy. Ukuziphatha okutshintshayo kwimiqondo yengqondo kulungiswa ngempumelelo ngeendlela zokwenza unyango.
Ukuziphatha kwee-Addictive - iincwadi
Xa umntu osondeleyo etshintsha kwaye kungekhona ukuphucula, kukho ubunzima bokuqonda oko kwenzeka kuye. Iincwadi ezikule sihloko ayifaki esikhundleni sengcebiso yesazi, kodwa inceda ekukhanyiseni iingxaki eziye zavela:
- "Isikhokelo se-addictology" V.D. Mendelevich kunye nababhali-mbhali. Incwadi ichaza ukuba zeziphi izilingo kunye nokuziphatha okuluthayo kumgangatho wesayensi.
- "Ukuncedwa kwizidakamizwa okanye isikolo sokhetho oluyimpumelelo" Kotlyarov. Le ncwadana yabhalwa izigulane. Iqukethe iindlela ezifanelekileyo, iifetra, imifanekiso.
- "Kwizidakamizwa kunye nokuziphatha okuLungileyo" V. Kachalov. Ziziphi izixhomekeke kuzo.
- "Ukuthintela izilwanyana kubantwana kunye nentsha" iTrubitsyna L.V. Ukupapashwa kunikezelwe kwingqalelo ebalulekileyo yokuziphatha kakubi - ukuthintela.