Ukutyala utamatato kwiingcomo zokubamba ukutsalwa kwe-greenhouse ukulungiselela isivuno esihle

Abaninzi bakhetha ukukhula kwezityalo kwi-greenhouse, ukuze ukwazi ukufumana isityalo ngaphambi kokuba utyalwe kwindawo evulekile. Ukutyala utamatato kwi-greenhouse kufuneka kwenziwe ngokwemiqathango, ngaphandle koko izityalo zingenakuthabatha ingcambu, okanye ziya kuphuhlisa.

Ungalungiselela njani i-greenhouse yokutshala i-tomato?

Abagadi bezolimo bangaba nemfihlelo yabo yokucwangcisa indawo yokulungiselela imifuno kunye namajikijolo, kodwa phakathi kweenkqubo ezidumileyo, umntu unokukwazi ukwahlula:

1. Siyabulela ekusebenziseni imivalo yesulfure, unokuhlambulula yonke into kwiibhaktheriya kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci. Kukulungele ukuthenga "i-Pawn-C", izinto ezisebenzayo ezingahlali emhlabathini kwaye ziphawule ngokukhawuleza. Abahloli bafanele bafakwe kuwo wonke ummandla we-greenhouse, kodwa akufanele bafakwe phantsi, kodwa kunokuba batyelelwe ngamatye okanye amashishini esitye.
2. Unyango lwe-greenhouse ngaphambi kokutyala utamatisi kubandakanya ukungakhutshwa komzimba. Ukusebenzisa i-sprayer, phatha yonke indawo kunye nesisombululo se-detergent. Emva koko, gubungela phezulu ngebhasi ye-kapron, uhlawule ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwizikhefu. Emva koko yonke into ihlanjululwa ngamanzi acocekileyo. Izinto zetsimbi kunye neenkuni zicetyiswa ukuba zifakwe nge-bleach okanye i-lime.
3. Ukulungiselela kusebenza kwakhona kumhlaba, kubalulekile ukuthulula amanzi amaninzi. Ukufudumala umhlaba, ungenza i-biofuel.

Ukutyala okuchanekileyo kwetamatato kwi-greenhouse

Ukulungiselela izityalo ezikhulayo, kungekhona nje isakhiwo, kodwa nezityalo ezizifunayo. Ndiyabulela kwinani leenkqubo, ukutyala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse kunye nokunyamekela kunzima kakhulu.

1. Iingcaphephe zincoma ukuba izityalo zihluthe, kwaye kufuneka zenziwe iiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kokutyala. Kulo gumbi apho izityalo zikhule khona kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza umoya, ngoko ke ushiye i-ventilator evulekileyo nobusuku. Ukuba isimo sezulu siphumelele, ngokokuba kunzima ukukhupha iibhokisi kunye nezityalo kwiitalato ngeeyure ezimbalwa. Inyaniso yokuba utamatisi uphelelwe kakuhle kuya kubonakala ngokubonakala kwebala elibomvu.
2. Kwiintsuku ezintlanu ngaphambi kokutsalwa, kucetyiswa ukuba uyiphathe ngesisombululo se-1% se-boric acid. Oku kukuthintela kakuhle izifo ezinokwenzeka.
3. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutyala utamatato kwi-greenhouse, kucetyiswa ukuba unqunyulwe amaqabunga aphantsi ezityalo. Siyabulela kule nto, izithombo ziya kuphucula kwaye iintyatyambo ziza kuqala ukwenza ngokukhawuleza.

Ukutyala utamatato kwi-greenhouse - ixesha

Ukuba izityalo ziye zathatha ingcambu, zaphuhliswa kakuhle kwaye zihlonyelwe, kubalulekile ukuqala ukusebenza ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Iingcali zicebisa, ukutyala izithombo ngexesha elincinci. Ukufumana ulwazi olusisiseko ngokuchanekileyo ukutshala utamatisi kwindawo yokutshisa, yenza oku kulandelayo:

1. Ukuba ukufika kuqhutyelwa kwigumbi elinobumba obunemibala kunye nokufudumala okongeziweyo, ngoko imisebenzi ingaqaliswa ngasekupheleni kuka-Epreli.
2. Xa kungabikho ukufudumeza, kodwa xa usebenzisa izityalo zendawo yokukhusela ifilimu, unokukwazi ukuqhuba ukufika kweMeyi ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
3. Kwezinye iimeko, itekato kufuneka ityalwe kwi-greenhouse ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Kukho iindlela ezahlukileyo eziza kukhusela iintlobo zezulu ngokuguqulwa kwemozulu. Ngokomzekelo, ungazifaka ifilimu yokubamba ukutsalwa kwendawo ehlukeneyo, ubeke iisentimitha ezimbalwa phakathi kwabo. Oku kuya kukwandisa ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa kwaye kwandise ubomi bomgca wangaphakathi.

Umhlaba ukutyala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiswa komhlaba kwi-greenhouse, okumele ibe yimigangatho ephezulu kwaye ikhule. Utamatisi zifuna izityalo kwaye zifuna umhlaba onobumba, onobuthakathaka okanye ongathathi hlangothi, oya kuthi, nokuba ngaphezu koko, kufuneka ube nokuhamba kakuhle komoya. Ukuba uthela izityalo zentamatato kwi-greenhouse, ke kungcono ukusebenzisa umxube wenxalenye ye-turf phantsi kunye neengxenye ezintathu ze-peat. Ukongeza, i-10 g ye-nitmonium nitrate, i-25-30 g ye-superphosphate kunye ne-10 g ye-potassium chloride kufuneka ifakwe kumxube.

Indlela yokutyala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse?

Xa ixesha lifikile, izityalo kunye ne-greenhouse ngokwayo zilungiselelwe, unako ukuhamba ngqo ekutyaleni izityalo. Kukho iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokutshala utamatisi kwi-glasshouse eyenziwe nge-polycarbonate, iglasi kunye nezinye izinto.

1. Ukuqalisa kucetyiswa ngemini, xa imisebenzi yelanga isancitshiswa kwaye umoya ugcwele ukupholisa.
2. Kukulungele ukusebenzisa i-chess landing. Umgama phakathi kwemigca kunye neentsiba kuxhomekeke kwiziphi iintlobo ezikhethiweyo zokutyala.
3. Ngokukhawuleza ecaleni kweetamatato kuyacetyiswa ukufaka iifologi, apho kwixesha elizayo liyakubopha izityalo.
4. Abagadi balwazi abanomdla bakholelwa ukuba inhlanganisela ephezulu yeendlela ezinokukhawuleza, ezinomlinganiselo kunye ezide. Batshale bhetele kwimigangatho emibini kwisigxina esisodwa. Ekufuphi kwefestile, izityalo eziqingqiweyo zifakwe, zide zide, kwaye ziphakathi kokuvuthwa kwe-ultra.
5. Ukutyala kwetamatato kwi-greenhouse kuyakuhluka xa usebenzisa izityalo ezininzi. Kulo mzekelo kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo yokukhupha. Okokuqala, imingxuma engama-12 cm eyenziwe, kwaye kukho enye enye kuyo kwaye ububanzi bayo buxhomekeke kwibhodlela kunye nezityalo. Emva kokutyala isitya kunye nesityalo kwisango lesibini, ngokukhawuleza sihlanganiswe nomhlaba, kodwa enye kufuneka ivalwe xa izityalo sele zithathile. Ndiyabulela kule ndlela, ukukhula akuyi kuncipha, kwaye iintyatyambo aziyi kuwela.

Ubunzulu bokutyala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse

Kuya kubakho izithombo, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba ubunzulu bokutshala, ukugqithisa umhlaba kuya kuba. Ukufumana ubunzulu bokutyala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse, kubalulekile ukuba ukhombise ukuba ubunzulu be-25-30 cm bubhekwe ngokufanelekileyo.Ukuba ubunzulu bomngxuma bungaphezulu kwexabiso elibonisiweyo, izityalo ziya kuqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ukukhula kwesiqhamo ngokwawo kuya kuncitshiswa.

Ubuninzi bokutya iitamatayi kwindawo yokutya

Ukuba amahlathi angakhula ngokukhululekile, kwaye kwakungekho ubunzima ekuvuneni, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni umgama omele ube phakathi kweentsika. Konke kuxhomekeke kwiindidi ezikhethiweyo.

1. Iintlobo ezikhulileyo. Kuqhelekileyo ukuba wenze izityalo ezinjalo kwiimpawu eziliqela kwaye kungcono ukhethe isicwangciso se-chess sokutyala kwimigangatho emibini. Phakathi kwamahlumela kufuneka kube malunga no-40 cm, kwaye phakathi kwemigca ngokwawo - 50-60 cm.
2. Iintlobo zeStambovye. Ukuba unomdla ekutyaleni iitamatisi kwi-greenhouse, ubuninzi bunokuba buninzi, ngoko umgama phakathi kwemigca i-50 cm, kwaye phakathi kweenkcubeko 35-40 cm.
3. Iintlobo ezizimeleyo. Xa usebenzisa le mihlobo, ukutyala akuko kunzima kakhulu kwaye phakathi kwemigca umgama kufuneka ube malunga no-40 cm, kwaye phakathi kweentsike malunga ne-70 cm. Le ndlela yokutyala kuthiwa "i-belt-nesting", kuba imigqa 2-3 yenza into efana neyoyi-tape.

Ukunyamekela utamatisi emva kokutyala kwindawo yokutya

Kwiintsuku ezili-10 zokuqala, izityalo ziya kusinda. Ukuba i-greenhouse yenziwe ngeglasi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukukhusela izityalo kwilanga elithe ngqo. Ukushisa okufunekayo kufuneka kugcinwe ngo-20-22 ° C. Kwiintsuku zokuqala, ukuthambisa izityalo akukhuthazwa. Kwimiyalelo, indlela engcono yokutshala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse, kukho enye inkqubo enyanzelisayo - ukuhambisa izityalo. Ukuba akukho ndlela yenzekelayo, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuvula iingcango kwi-greenhouse kunye nokudala iifrithi ekutshiseni.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwetamatato kwi-greenhouse emva kokutyala

Ukuze ufumane isivuno esicebileyo, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuchumisa. Abalimi abaninzi basebenzisa olu hlobo lwenkqubo:

1. Izichumisi ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zokutyala utamatato kwi-greenhouse yi-phosphoric ne-potash, kwaye kufuneka ziziswe ngekwindla. Ekuqaleni basasazeka phantsi komhlaba, kwaye ke, bamba isayithi.
2. Ngenye imini ngaphambi kokutshintshwa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe isisombululo esinobuthakathaka se-manganese kunye nomxube wemvubelo (10 g ngalinye nge-10 l) kwiibhedi, ezifanele zifakwe kwiiyure ezingama-24. Kukwacetyiswa kwakhona ukuba ubeke igrama ezili-100 ze-ash kunye ne-eggshell.
3. Emva kweentsuku ezili-14 emva kokutyala, phantsi kwehlathi ngalinye, i-1 litre yomxube we- nitrofosque ne- mullein yongezwa. Kwiilitha ezi-10 zithatha iilitha ezingama-0.5 ze-mullein kunye ne-1 tbsp. isipuni sesichumisi.
4. Isondlo esilandelayo senziwa emva kweentsuku ezili-10 kwaye ngeli xesha umgquba wenkukhu usetyenziswa kwinxalenye 1:15.
5. Ukugqoka kwesithathu okuphezulu kukuhlanganiswa nokutyiliswa, kwaye umanyolo ongu-1:10 uthathwa.

Ukunisela itamatato emva kokutyala kwindawo yokugcina i-greenhouse

Emva kokuba izityalo zityalwe kuyimfuneko ukubukela kwaye xa ziqala ukulula, ukucwiliswa kwenziwa.

1. Ukunkcenkceshela kungenziwa rhoqo kwiintsuku ezintlanu okanye ezisixhenxe. Umlinganiselo wokuhamba kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo ukuba nganye 1 m2 kufuneka ibe ngama-5-7 ilitha omlambo. Xa iitamatisi ziqala ukuqhakaza, umgangatho wamanzi ukhuphukela kwi-12 ilitha nganye kwindawo enye. Ukuba isimo sezulu sitshisa kakhulu, ngoko umthamo ukwanda ukuya kuma-15 ilitha.
2. Enye ingongoma ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngayo yilapho ukuhambisa amanzi utamatisi emva kokutyala kwitshini lokutshisa, ngoko kungcono ukwenza inkqubo okanye ngokuhlwa okanye kusasa.
3. Iqondo lokushisa likamanzi kufuneka lilingane nomhlaba. Ukunkcenkceshela kuqhutyelwa phantsi kweengcambu ukuze amanzi awele phantsi.

Yintoni ongatshala utamatisi kwi-greenhouse?

Le lwazi luncedo, olubalulekileyo lokuqwalasela, kuba ngezinye iilars, iitamatisi azihambelani ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ziya kufa. Abaninzi badibanisa itekisi kunye namakhukhamba, kodwa lo mmandla awunqweneli, kuba izimo ezikhulayo zazo zihlukile. Ukufumanisa indlela yokutshala izityalo zentyatyambo kwindawo yokutshisa, kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba izityalo ezilandelayo zizommelwane ezilungileyo: iintlobo zakuqala zeklabishi emhlophe, i-lettuce yamagqabi, i-radish, i-anyanisi, i-garlic, i-strawberry, i-legumes nemifuno.