Ukunyamekela kuyindlela yokukhuthazwa kwempilo, yahlolwa kwi minyaka kwaye iqinisekiswe yinkcazo yesayensi kunye nophando. Umzimba weintsana unamaqondo aphezulu, ngoko kunzima kwabantwana abancinci.
Ungaqala njani ukuthukuthela umntwana?
Ingundoqo yokwenza lukhuni kukutshintshwa rhoqo kwiqondo lokushisa kwendalo, okubangela ukwandiswa kwamandla okuguqula umzimba. Ukuqina kancinci kwabantwana abatsha kubangela iziphumo ezilandelayo:
- ukubunjwa kweengcamango ezigxininisiweyo ezifaka isandla ekuguqulweni kwendalo ukuze zitshintshe iimeko zokusingqongileyo;
- ukuphuculwa kwe-metabolism, ukusasazwa;
- ukuxhathisa izifo;
- ukutya okulungileyo, ubuthongo obuhle.
Impembelelo efanelekileyo yokuqina ingafunyanwa kuphela ngokugcinwa ngokukhawuleza kwemithetho yokukhupha abantwana:
- Indlela ngamnye . Ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana abangaphantsi komnyaka omnye kufuneka kwenziwe ngokucokisekileyo. Qala iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka ziqaliswe kuphela xa umntwana ephilile. Kufuneka uqwalasele kwakhona isimo sengqondo somntwana, ungakhathazeki ngokwakho, umxhase ngeendlela zonke uze umphazamise iingoma kunye nemilolotelo yokunyumba. Isimo soxolo kunye nomoya ovuyo lwabazali baya kudluliselwa kumntwana. Ukuba umntwana uyasabela kuzo zonke iinzame zokukrakra ngokukrakra kunye nezinye iimpawu zokungazineliseki, ukuqala kweenkqubo zezempilo kufuneka kuhlehliswe.
- Ukugqiba . Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthukuthela umntwana, kufuneka uziqonde ngeendlela ezisisiseko nemigaqo yenkqubo, emva kokulandelelana. Musa ukukhaphaza umntwana ngokukhawuleza emanzini ashisayo okanye uphume phantsi kweemvula zelanga elitshisayo. Isiphumo esilindelekileyo siza kunika utshintsho oluthile kwiqondo lokushisa kwamanzi kunye nomoya.
- Rhoqo . Ukuphumelela kuphela kuya kuba nomoya wemihla ngemihla, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yonyaka. Ukuba ukupheliswa kobunzima kwithuba elidlulileyo kwiintsuku ezingama-5, i-reflexes enemeko ejongene nokulungelelanisa imeko yeemeko zenguqu, okokuqala ithathaka, ize iphele.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthukuthela usana olutsha, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba akanakho ukuchasene nale nkqubo. Ezi ziquka:
- izifo zokulala;
- iingxaki zesistim sokutya;
- izifo zokuphefumula;
- ephakamileyo izinga lokushisa.
Izindlela zokubanda abantwana
1. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwabantwana ngomoya . Iinkqubo zokucima umoya ziquka:
- ukuhamba nosana olutsha. Ukuqala ukuhamba nebhokhwe kunokwenzeka emva kokufikelela kwiminyaka eveki kwiqondo lokushisa okungenani kwi-10-12 ° C. Ixesha lokuhamba kufuneka linyuswe ngokukhawuleza, ukususela kwi-15 imizuzu ngosuku. Kamva, xa umntwana ejwayele umoya obandayo, unokuhamba naye phantse nayiphi na imimoya embi;
- alale emoyeni. Evulekileyo usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa lulala ngokulala kwaye lulale ngokugqithiseleyo. Into ephambili, ngumoya kunye nemvula, ikhusele ngokukhusekileyo ngengubo, ukhusele isihlalo sabakhubazekile nge-hood.
Ukufikelela kwiinyanga ezi-6, umntwana ulala ebushushu ukuya kwi -10 ° C, emva kwesiqingatha sonyaka-kwi -15 ° C.
Ukugqithwa usana olusandula ukuhamba, kubalulekile ukuba ungavumeli nje kuphela i-hypothermia, kodwa ukuphelisa. Ngoko, ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukugqoka umntwana udinga ngendlela efanayo njengoko uqobo kunye nocingo olulodwa, emva kweenyanga ezintandathu - njengawe. Kwiqanda, umntwana kufuneka abekwe kwisitrato kwiimvulophu ehambelayo yokufudumala okanye efakwe ngengubo yeboya.
- zokuhlambela umoya. Inokuthi iqhutywe ngaphakathi kunye nangaphandle, kodwa kunye nemeko yokufumana umntwana emthunzini nokukhusela kakuhle umoya.
2. Ukucima amanzi . Inzuzo yalo kukuba ukuqina okunjalo kunokwenziwa ngaphandle kokujonga imeko zemozulu, ukutshintsha kuphela ubushushu bamanzi. Qalisa ukukhupha umntwana osanda kuzalwa ngamanzi kufuneka ube kwiinyanga ezimbini, ngokuthe ngcembe - i-1 degree nganye iintsuku ezimbini, ukunciphisa ubushushu xa uhlamba kwaye uhlamba.
Emva koko unako ukuhlamba umntwana, ukususela kwiinyanga ezili-9 ukuya kutsho.