Ukusuleleka kwe-Meningococcal yisifo esibalulekileyo esibangela i-pathogenic microorganism i-Neisseria meningitidis. Ubungakanani kunye nokwakhiwa kwezilonda kuxhomekeke kwifom yesifo, kodwa phantse njalo isigulo sinzima kwaye singanelanga okanye unyango olungenakunqununu luneempembelelo ezingathandekiyo.
Usulelo lwe-meningococcal lugqithiselwa njani?
Umthombo kuphela we-pathogen ngumntu onempawu ezicacileyo zesifo. Usulelo lwe-Meningococcal ludluliselwa ngophulo. I-microathotic i-Pathogenic ikhutshelwe kwimeko ngethuba le ngxoxo, xa ikhupha okanye ithaqa, kodwa eso sifo asasazeke ngokukhawuleza njengenye izifo. Ukukhuthaza ukudibana, ngakumbi xa kwenzeka ngaphakathi.
Emva kokungena kwintsholongwane emzimbeni ophilileyo, umntu uba ngumphathiswa wakhe. I-meningococcus ingahlala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga eziliqela, konke kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wokuzikhusela nokuphila. Ukuba ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqhagamshelana nesigulane ukuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo, ukusuleleka kwe-meningococcal kuya kupheliswa kwaye kuphephe. Nangona iyeza liyazi iziganeko xa isifo siphindayo nangemva kwekhosi yamayeza.
Usulelo lweMenococcal - iimpawu
Iimpawu ze-meningococcus zihluka ngohlobo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zilandelayo:
- ubushushu obuphakamileyo;
- intamo entamo;
- uvakalelo ekukhanyeni (kwezinye izigulane - photophobia);
- entloko;
- ukuhlanza;
- ukuqaphela ukuphazamiseka.
Kwinqanaba lokuhamba, iimpawu zentsholongwane ye-meningococcal, ngokomthetho, azikho. Ukuba udlula uviwo, uya kufumana umfanekiso ocacileyo we- pharyngitis yangoku. Kwiimeko eziphambili, i-pneumonia ingahlakulela, leyo ibangele ukuphuhliswa kwe- sepsis kunye ne-polyarthritis, eninzi kwiimeko ezichaphazela amalunga amancinci kwindawo yezandla.
Ukusuleleka kwe-Meningococcal - ixesha lokunyusa
Njengaye naziphi na ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, iimpawu ze-meningococcal aziqali ngokukhawuleza. Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa lihlala kwiintsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwi-10, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukulibaziseka kungekho iintsuku ezingama-3-5. Usulelo lwe-Meningococcal luyingozi ngophuhliso lwayo olukhawulezayo. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphelelwa kwexesha lokunyusa, iimpawu zesifo zichazwa, imeko yesigulane iyahlahloka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukuba ixesha linikezelwa ngoncedo olufanelekileyo, konke kuya kugcina kwisiphumo esibulalayo.
I-Meningococcal nasopharyngitis - iimpawu
Ngolu hlobo lwesifo, inkqubo yokuvuvukala isasazeka kwi-nasopharynx-leyo nxalenye ye-pharynx efumaneka ngaphezu kwezulu esibhakabhakeni kwaye ingahlolwa kuphela ngosizo lwe-ENT izibuko. I-Meningococcal nasopharyngitis ibonakalisa ngeempawu ezinjalo:
- intloko;
- intambo emqaleni;
- ukukhwehlela;
- ukudibanisa kwendoda ;
- ukukhupha kwimpumlo (kwiimeko ezinqabileyo);
- ukulungiswa kwakhona kwodonga oluphezulu lwangaphandle;
- hyperplasia ye follicles lymphoid.
I-meningitis enobuchule
Intsholongwane ye-Meningococcal kwifom ye-purulent ibonakaliswe ukungena kwe-microorganisms kwi-shell shell. Umsebenzi wabo ukhokelela kwinkqubo yokuvuvukala. I-meningitis enobuchule ihamba kunye nale mpawu:
- entloko;
- ubushushu obuphakamileyo;
- isicefe
- ukuhlanza;
- ingxaki ekusebenzeni kweentsimbi ze-cranial;
- ukudideka kwengqondo;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;
- hyperesthesia;
- ukulahlekelwa kwintetho;
- ukuphosa;
- iingcamango;
- ukulahlekelwa kweememori (kakhulu inxalenye);
- hyperkinesis.
Meningococcemia - iimpawu
Le yi-sepsis, ekuthi, njengomthetho, iyenzeka ngeempawu ezichazwayo zesifo se-toxicosis. Usulelo lwe-meningococcal septic lusemnene, lukhulu kwaye lukhulu. Ingxaki ikhula ngokukhawuleza - ukushisa kwesigulane kuya kwi-degrees ezingama-39 ukuya kuma-40 kwimizuzu embalwa. Umlilo uhamba kunye nezinye iimpawu:
- buthathaka;
- intlungu;
- unxaniwe;
- iphosa;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- ntliziyo;
- ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi;
- ukunciphisa ukuchama.
Uphawu oluqhelekileyo "olukhethekileyo" luphawu lokutshatyalaliswa kwe-meningococcal. Ingabonakala emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokuqala kwesi sifo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, amabala agubungela iinyawo ezingaphezulu nezingaphantsi, iinyawo, iintambo. Ukugqithisa nge-meningococcemia kukhulu kunomxholo kwaye kuqhutyana kancinci ngaphezu kwesikhumba. Kwiimeko ezinzima, inokusasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba. Ekupheleni kwentshukumo efanayo kuya kuba yimimandla eninzi eneemida ezichazwe ngokucacileyo. Ekubeni ubuso bebala "fumana" kakhulu.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-infection ye-meningococcal
Uhlolo oluqhelekileyo luqala ngokuhlalutya iimpawu kunye nokufundisisa izinto ezinokubangela ukunqotshwa. Ukuchonga uhlobo lwesifo, kufuneka uhlolisise umzimba womzi kwaye uqhube uluhlu lweemviwo. Ibakala elibalulekileyo lokuxilongwa kukuhlalutya kwintsholongwane ye-meningococcal. Ukuba umntu unentsholongwane, ii-pathogens ziya kufumaneka kwigazi lakhe. Uyakwazi ukubona i-meningococci ngoncedo lwe:
- i-blood smear;
- I-PCR ye-cerebrospinal yamanzi kunye negazi;
- uhlalutyo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid ;
- hlwayela igazi;
- smear ukusuka ekhaleni.
Usulelo lwe-Meningococcal - unyango
Kwizikhalazo zokuqala kwi-MI, umntu ngokukhawuleza kufuneka adluliselwe esibhedlele kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukuba aqale unyango. Xa ukuxilongwa kwintsholongwane ye-meningococcal, unyango kunye namayeza okulwa ne-penicillin iqulunqwe kwiimeko ezininzi. La ma antibacterial actor are considered to be the best in fighting the agent of causative of the disease. Xa i-nasopharyngitis yongezwa ukuba ihlambe impumlo kunye ne-antiseptics kunye neyeza-vitamin.
Usulelo lwe-Meningococcal - unyango lwe-prehospital
Ulwaphulo lokusuleleka nge-meningococci luyenziwa ngcali kwiimeko zesibhedlele, kodwa xa isigulane sinesifo sesifo se-meningococcal, uncedo lokuqala kufuneka lunikezwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngomdlalo wokutshatyalaliswa, iziyobisi ezilwa ne-antipyretic zisebenza kakuhle. Ukuphelisa ukuxhaswa ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokubamba, isisombululo seSibazone sinokusetyenziswa.
Usulelo lwe-Meningococcal - iingcebiso zeklinikhi
Ukuphumelela ngokubulala ama-antibiotics e-meningococcal, ngoko asetyenziswa ukulwa nesulelo. Nangona iyeza lihlala liphuculiswa, iPenicillin iye yindlela yokutshatyalaliswa kwenombolo ye-meningococcus ye-1 kwiminyaka emininzi. Ngenise kwi doyithi ezingama-200 ukuya kuma-300 / kg ubunzima ngosuku. Kwiimeko ezininzi le mali idibene ngokwahlukileyo kuma-5-6. I-Penicillin ilawulwa nge-intramuscularly. Ukongeza kwiPenicillin, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphathe unyango:
- Ampicillin;
- Ceftriaxone ;
- Cefotaxime.
Zonke izidalwa zibalwe ngumbhali ngamnye, ngokuqwalasela iimpawu zendalo. Ukuba isigulane sinexinzelelo kumachiza e-beta-lactam antibacterial, zingatshintshwa ngeCloramphenicol. Umlinganiselo olinganiselweyo uhluka ukusuka kwi-80 ukuya kwi-100 mg / kg ngosuku kwaye kufuneka uhlulwe ngaphantsi kweethathu. Ukulwa nemilenze engapheliyo, i-Meropenem ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa.
Ukujongana ne-meningococcemia kuncedwa ngoluhlu lweziganeko ezinjalo:
- ukuxutywa;
- ukulinganiswa komlinganiselo we-electrolyte;
- unyango olumqondiso;
- ukulungiswa kwe-acid-base balance;
- ukusetyenziswa kwe-glucocorticosteroids.
Ukuthintela ukusuleleka kwe-meningococcal
Ukulwa nale sifo kunzima kakhulu, ngoko kukulungele ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukukhusela. Ukugonywa ukusuleleka kwi-meningococcal isifo kukuthintela. Kuya kunceda ukukhusela iMI kuphela, kodwa nazo zonke iingxaki zayo, ngenxa yokuba i-menicoccus ibangela izifo, ezifana:
- ukuhluthwa ;
- isithulu;
- hemiparesis;
- xi nzelelo;
- asthenia.
Isitofu sokukhusela isifo soxinzelelo lwe-meningococcal asiyena kuphela umqathango wokukhusela:
- Ukuze kungenako ukusuleleka, kuyinqweneleka ukuphepha indawo zokudibanisa inani elikhulu labantu ngexesha lobulwelwe.
- Kwikwindla nakusentwasahlobo kunqweneleka ukuqinisa ngakumbi umzimba wokuzivikela ngamavitham complexes.
- Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuzikhusela kwi-hypothermia ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Emva kokudibana nomntu osulelekileyo, ngokukhawuleza kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba i-antibacterial course kunye nokusela ama-immunoglobulin antimeningococcal.
Inoculation kusuka kwintsholongwane ye-menococcal
Kuze kube yiminyaka, le yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokuzikhusela kwisifo. Kukho ezimbini iindidi eziphambili zeigonti: i-polysaccharide kunye ne-conjugated, equka iiprotheni-zithintelo zesifo. I-Polysaccharide yokugonya kwintsholongwane ye-meningococcal ngokukhawuleza iphakamisa izinga lama-antibodies. I-Revaccination iyadingeka rhoqo iminyaka emithathu. Iijojo ezixubileyo zifaka isandla ekuphuhliseni inkumbulo ye-immunological kwaye igcine ingakhuselekanga kwiminyaka eyi-10.
Kwiziko lezonyango, izitofu eziveliswe ngesiseko se-meningococci A kunye ne-A + C zisetyenzisiweyo. Ukufakelwa kwe-injection kulawulwa ngaphantsi kwesithathu kwisalathisi okanye kwindawo ephantsi kwe-scapula. Ukukhulelwa kwintsholongwane kuqala ukuphuhliswa ukususela ngomhla wesi-5 ukuya kwe-14 emva komva. Unako ukwenza iijojo kunye kunye nezinye izitofu, ngaphandle kwesifo sokulwa nesifo sofuba kunye nesifo somhlaza. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwesigontsho ngokumelene ne-meningococcus kukusuleleka kunye nokunyuka kwezifo ezingapheliyo. Injoza ikhansekisiwe xa kukho impendulo engalunganga kwiziyobisi ezilawulwayo.