Umama ngamnye kufuneka alandele ukuphuhliswa komntwana ngeenyanga ukuya kunyaka, ukuthelekisa izibonakaliso zabanye abantwana, izazi ze-neurologists kunye neengqondo zezinto ezisemgangathweni. Ngoko kunokwenzeka ukufumanisa ukuphambuka, ukungahambelani ngexesha. Ukubona ngokukhawuleza kuvumela ukuba batshintshe ngokukhawuleza kwaye baphephe ukuqhubela phambili.
Uphuhliso oluphambili ngenyanga
Amanyathelo okuphuhliswa kwengane abonakala ngokukhula kancinci komzimba womntwana kunye nokufumana izakhono ezintsha kunye nezakhono. Ukuvavanya ukuphuhliswa kokuchanekileyo kwengane yakho, umama kufuneka uqhathanise iimpumelelo zeemvuthu kunye nezinto ezimele zigcinwe kuye ngexesha elide. Ukuxelela malunga nophuhliso lomntwana kwiinyanga ukuya ku-1, oogqirha baqwalasela kule mimandla elandelayo yokuphuculwa kwayo:
- Uphuhliso lomzimba luvavanyo lobunzima bomzimba nokukhula komntwana, izakhono zakhe.
- Ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo - kubonakaliswe ngokukwazi ukukhumbula ngokukhawuleza nokufundisa umntwana.
- Intlalontle - ibonakaliswa ngokwazi komntwana ukuba asebenzisane nabanye, ukuphendula kwiziganeko ezizungezile, ukwahlula izihlobo ezivela kubantu abangaziwayo.
- Ukuphuhliswa kwentetho - ukwakheka kwamandla omntwana ukuveza iminqweno yabo, ukuqhuba iingxoxo ezilula kunye nabazali.
Uphuhliso lomzimba lomntwana
Usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa lunalo ubude bomzimba malunga no-50 cm, ubunzima be-3-3.5 kg. Ekuzalweni, umntwana uva kwaye ubona yonke into, ngoko ulungele ukuphucula nokuphuhlisa ukususela ekuqaleni. Iingqungquthela zentsapho zibonakaliswa: ukutshiza, ukugwinya, ukumbamba, ukukhenkceza. Emva kwexesha, baphucula kuphela. Masiqaphele indlela ukuphuhliswa komzimba komntwana wokuqala kunyaka kwenzeka ngayo, izigaba eziphambili:
- Ukuphakama kweenyanga ezi-1 ukuya ku-53-54 cm, ubunzima bufikelela kwi-4 kg. Intsana izama ukugcina intloko yayo ibhekile.
- Iinyanga ezi-3 - 60-62 cm kunye nobukhulu be-5,5 kg. U-Kroha ubeka intloko yakhe ngokuzenzekelayo ubuncinane imizuzu emi-5 ngokulandelana. Esikhundleni esesiswini, iphakama kwaye ihlala kwimibandela.
- Iinyanga ezili-6 - 66-70 cm ubude, 7.4 kg ubukhulu. Uhlala phantsi ngokwakhe, uhlala ngokukhawuleza, uvela kwisisu ukuya ngasemva, inkxaso yezandla zakhe iphakama.
- Iinyanga ezili-9 - 73 cm, 9 kg. Ima ngokuphantse ngaphandle kwenkxaso, ivela kuyo nayiphi na isikhundla, ngokukhawuleza kwaye ihamba ngokukhawuleza.
- Iinyanga ezili-12 - 76 cm, ukuya kwi-11 kg. Ukuphuhliswa komntwana ngonyaka kuthatha ukunyakaza okuzimeleyo, inkunzi inokuphakamisa isifundo esivela phantsi, yenza izicelo ezilula. Itafile epheleleyo malunga nophuhliso lomntwana unyaka unikwe ngezantsi.
Uphuhliso lwengqondo lomntwana
Uphuhliso lwengqondo lomntwana wosana olusana olusana luba nolwalamano oluqhubekayo lwana kunye nonina. Umntwana ufunda ngoncedo lwakhe kwihlabathi elikujikelezayo iminyaka engama-3, emva koko ukuphuhliswa kokuzimela kuqale kancane kancane. Ngenxa yoko, iintsana zixhomekeke kakhulu kubazali babo, njengoko zikwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zabo. Ixesha lobusana lidibene kwii-2 zigaba:
- 1 kwiinyanga ezi-1-5 ukuya ku-1-5-6;
- 2 neye-6-12 iinyanga.
Ixesha lokuqala libonakaliswa ngokuphuhliswa okukhulu kweenkqubo zengqondo. Ukuphucula umbono, ukuva. Ixesha lesibini liqala ngokubonakala kwikhono lokubamba kunye nokubamba izinto: kukho ukusekwa kwe-visual-motor coordination, okuphucula ukulungelelaniswa kwezinto. Izifundo zezifundo zabafundi, zifunda ukuphathwa kunye nabo. Ngelo xesha, iimfuneko zokuqala zokuphuhlisa intetho ziyavela.
Isondlo sabantwana ukuya kunyaka ngeenyanga
Ukutya kwabantwana abangaphantsi komnyaka owodwa, ngokweengcebiso zabantwana bezilwanyana, kufuneka kusekelwe kusebele. Ubisi lomama luqulethe zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko, ulandelelwano lwezinto, izixhobo zokukhusela ezilungiselelwe, ezikhusela umntwana kwiintsholongwane kunye nezifo. Ifezekisa ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zentsana, iguqule kwisakhiwo njengoko ikhula. Ngokubanzi, ukondla kweintsana kusekelwe kwimigaqo elandelayo:
- Iinyanga ezi-1-3 - kuphela ubisi lwebele okanye umxube;
- Iinyanga ezi-4-6 - iindleko zokuqala zenziwa.
Indlela yokuphuhlisa umntwana unyaka ngeenyanga?
Ukuqwalasela ukuphuhliswa komntwana kwiinyanga ukuya kunyaka, ootitshala bezingane nootitshala bayavuma ukuba indima ephambili kule nkqubo idlalwa ngumntwana, kungekhona abazali bakhe. Umntwana unyaka uqala ngoncedo lokubandakanya iindlela zendalo, uqondisa umsebenzi weemvuthu ukuze ukwazi umhlaba ojikelezayo. Umntwana unyaka, uphuhliso ngeenyanga luqwalaselwa ngezantsi, lufuna uncedo olusebenzayo lwabazali. Iqukethe:
- ukulawula ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yezakhono ezikhulayo;
- ukujonga rhoqo;
- kwendalo yendalo.
Umntwana unyaka-unxibelelwano nophuhliso
Inkwenkwe idinga ukunxibelelana rhoqo nabazali bakhe. Ukuphuhliswa komntwana kwinyanga ukuya ku-1 kwenzeka kumanqanaba amaninzi, anemisebenzi elandelayo:
- Iinyanga ezi-1-3 - ixesha lokunyuka likhula ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa abahlalutyi abazibonayo nabaphicothiweyo bekhula. Usana luqala ukuthetha izandi zakhe zokuqala: "gee", "khy". Ukukhuthaza intetho kuyimfuneko ukucula nomntwana.
- Iinyanga ezi-3-6 - ukuphendula ngokuthetha kuyindlela yokunxibelelana ngokomzwelo. Kumele kube ngokuphindaphindiweyo, emacaleni amabini: tshela umntwana usandiliva, ngelixa ubona ubuso bomama.
- Iinyanga ezi-6-9 - umntwana uyaziqonda intetho yomntu omdala, wenza izigqibo kwisicelo sakhe. Rhoqo ukubamba.
- Iinyanga ezili-9-12 - ukuphuhliswa komntwana ngonyaka ongu-1 uthatha ukuqonda ngokuzithethelela ukuthetha. I-Kid ithi amagama alula ngokuphendula kwintetho yabantu abadala. Ukususela ngeli thuba ungafundisa umntwana ukuba alingise.
Imidlalo kunye nomntwana ukuya kunyaka ngeenyanga
Izakhono ezisisiseko zoqhagamshelwano zihlala zixhaswa ngumntwana ukuya kwimisebenzi yokuphuhliswa konyaka kunceda ukukhawuleza le nkqubo. Ingane kufuneka iphenye ngokuzimela nganye into oyithandayo, musa ukunyanzelisa imicimbi. Emva kokufunda izinto ezimbalwa ezilula, umntwana uya kuphinda aphinde kwakhona. Xa bebudala, baphucula, kwaye umntwana uyancipha imisebenzi.
Amathoyizi kubantwana ukuya kunyaka ngeenyanga
Ukuphuhlisa amathoyizi abantwana abangaphantsi konyaka kufuneka bahlale benempawu ezifana nokukhuseleka nokulula. Musa ukunika abantwana abancinci izinto ezincinci kwaye amathoyizi awanakunyaka. Uludwe lwezinto ezifanelekileyo kumdlalo lubonakala kanje:
- Iinyanga ezi-0-3: iindidi ezininzi "ezihambayo", iibhaluni, iikhabhi zekhadibhodi, amathoyizi omculo, izigubhu , amathoyizi amacwecwe;
- Iinyanga ezi-4-6: imihlobiso phezu kombhede, amathoyizi omculo, iibhola ezenziwe ngengubo;
- Iinyanga ezi-7-9: ibhola yerabha, inyundo yokudlala, iincwadi, izinto ezinokuthi zitshitswe (amathoyizi athobileyo, iipuni zeenkuni, ii cubes);
- Iinyanga ezili-9-12: ii- pyramid, iibhloko zokwakha, izitulo ezigubungelayo, ii-toys zokudlala, iimoto kunye needodoli.