Ukukhula kwe-broccoli kwiimfihlelo ezivulekileyo zokunyamekela nokutshala

I-Broccoli ithathwa njengenye yemifuno efanelekileyo kunabo bonke abantu, njengoko iqukethe iivithamini ezininzi, amaminerali kunye nezinye izinto. Ukukhula kwe-broccoli kwintsimi evulekileyo kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemithetho ye-agrotechnical. Unokutshala nge imbewu kunye nezityalo.

Indlela yokutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile?

Ubungakanani besityalo sele kuxhomekeke ngqo kwindawo efanelekileyo yokutyala. Kubalulekile ukuba isayithi iphefumle kakuhle kwaye ilanga, ngoko iklabishi idinga ukukhanya okungenani iiyure ezingama-6.

1. Imiyalelo malunga nendlela yokutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekileyo ibonisa ukuba umhlaba kufuneka ukhululeke kwaye ungathathi hlangothi. I-alkalization encinci iyamkeleka. Ngokunyuka kwe-asidi, yongeza i-lime emhlabathini.
2. Akukhuthazwa ukutyala inkcubeko yemifuno kwintsimi apho ezinye iintlobo zeklabishi, isitiyi, utamatisi kunye neerishi zisetyenziselwa ukukhula, kodwa iitapile, ukhukhamba kunye neenkozo zibhekwa njengezilungele phambili.
3. Endaweni enye, i-broccoli ingakhula ayikho ngaphezu kwexesha elilodwa.

Ukutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile kunye nembewu

Inkcubeko yemifuno evezwayo ingatyalwa ngokukhawuleza kwisitalato, kwaye izityalo ziya kuba nempilo kunokuba zisetyenziswe izityalo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba impahla yokutyala, eyaphambi kweyonyango, iya kumelana nokubanda kwi -7 ° C. Kukho inani leengcebiso malunga nendlela yokutshala kakuhle imbewu ye-broccoli kwindawo evulekile:

1. Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela izinto zokutyala, ukwenzela ukuba zikhule ngakumbi, zingapheli kwaye zinike isivuno esihle. Kunconywa ukuba udibanise imbewu kwiiyure eziyi-8 usebenzisa isisombululo esisisigxina se-potassium permanganate (1 g nganye nge-1 l). Sekunokwenzeka ukuba udibanise imbewu phakathi kwelanga kwisisombululo somlotha womthi (1 into epuniweyo kwi-1 l). Emva koko, hlambulula uze uwomise.
2. Ukukhupha imingxuma ye-0.5x0.5 m ngobukhulu kunye nokulahla imbewu kwihlabathi ngo-1.5 cm. Emva koko, qi niseka ukuthulula kakuhle. Kunconywa ukufihla phezulu ngefilimu ukudala iimeko zokutsalwa kwe-greenhouse kunye nokukhusela kwizilwanyana. Kwiveki kamva, amahlumela okuqala aya kubonakala, kwaye xa beqina ngakumbi unokususa indawo yokukhusela. Qiniseka ukuba uhlaziye izityalo, ushiya kuphela iimpawu eziqinileyo. I-Broccoli iya kubhenca ngo-Agasti noSeptemba.

Indlela yokutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile enezithombo?

Abantu abaninzi banqwenela ukukhula isityalo kunye nezityalo ezilungiselelwe ngaphambili. Le ndlela yokuhlawulela ithathwa ngokungathembeki, kwaye iyaqwalasela ezi ngcebiso ezilandelayo:

1. Ukutshala iklabishi izitshalo ze-broccoli kwindawo evulekile, kuyimfuneko ukuqala ukutshala imbewu kwikhaya usebenzisa iimpawu ezinkulu kunye nempilo. Kwiimbiza, faka umgca wokuhambisa amanzi uze uwagcwalise ngomhlaba ongathathi hlangothi. Iiforam kufuneka zibe yi-1.5 cm enzulu, zinyunise kwaye zitshale imbewu ukwenzela ukuba kukho malunga ne-15 cm phakathi kwazo. Gcwalisa umhlaba kwaye ubeke izitya kwiindawo ezipholileyo apho ubushushu buza kuqala bube ngu-16 ° C kunye no-8 ° C. Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga. Emva kokubonakala kwincinci yamanqindi amahlanu (kwiimeko ezininzi emva kweentsuku ezingama-35 emva kokutyala), ungadlulisela izityalo kwiindawo ezivulekile.
2. Ubunzulu beemingxuma kufuneka bube ngu-20-25 cm kunye nobubanzi buka-3-4 cm. Ngaphezu kwesigamu sesitshixo kufuneka sibe phantsi kwezinga lomhlaba. Uninzi manzi amanzi kwaye wenze ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala.

Isicwangciso sokutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile

Ukuphuhliswa okukhawulezayo, kubalulekile ukutshala izityalo kunye nembewu. Iskimu sokutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekileyo ibonisa ukuba kufuneka kubekho umgama we-0.5 m phakathi kweemibhede. Phakathi kweentsika ezikulo mgca, shiya 40x60 cm okanye 30x70 cm.Ukuba usebenzisa indlela yeetape ezimbini, cinga umgama 30x (90 + 50 ), yabona

Imihla yokutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile

Ukuze isityalo siqale, kubalulekile ukuyitshala kakuhle. Ukufumana izithombo, ukuhlwayelwa kwezinto kufuneka kuqhutywe kwinxalenye yesibini kaMatshi. Ukuba unomdla wokutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile kunye nembewu, khumbula ukuba ixesha elihle liza ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kwaye lihlala kude kuJuni. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi, izityalo, ezinamaqabunga ama-5-7, zityalwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ukuba iintlobo zisekuqaleni, ixesha elifanelekileyo liphuma ekupheleni kuka-Epreli ukuya ekuqaleni kwenyanga ezayo.
2. Amanqanaba okuvuthwa aphakathi acetyiswa ukuba atyalwe ngexesha elivela kwisiqingatha sesibini seMeyi ukuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
3. Xa utyalwa iintlobo zexesha elide, khetha ixesha ukususela ekupheleni kukaJulayi ukuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Indlela yokukhulisa i-broccoli entsimini?

Ukunyamekela inkcubeko yemifuno echazwe kulula kwaye ibandakanya iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zegadi. Ukunisela rhoqo, ukuchumisa, ukukhula, ukukhupha nokukhupha kubalulekile ekukhuleni okufanelekileyo.

1. Iimfihlakalo zokukhula kwe-broccoli zibonisa ukuba izityalo ezincinci kufuneka zidibene , ukuze kube lula ukugcina umswakama, ukuthintela ukubonakala kokhula kunye nokugqithisa kwenkqubo.
2. Emva kokunkcenkceshela, kufuneka ukhulule umhlaba ukuwuzalisa nge-oxygen.
3. Abalimi abaninzi bachitha iinduli eziqhankqalazelayo ukuze baqhube ukuveliswa kweengcambu zentsimbi.
4. Qaphela ukuba emva kokusika intloko ephakathi ngelixa ukhula kakuhle i-broccoli emhlabathini ovulekile, ukhula lukhula ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ungawukhupheli isiqithi, njengoko unako ukuvuna isityalo esithile.

Imbali ye-broccoli evulekile njani?

Ukuba iklabishi iphezulu, ngoko intloko ibonakala iintyatyambo eziphuzi, sele sele zingakufanelekanga ukutya. Ukuqonda indlela yokukhulisa i-broccoli ngaphandle, kufuneka ucacise ukuba kungabangela ukubonakala kweentyatyambo ngaphambi kwexesha:

1. Kubalulekile ukuba ungadli ngokukhawuleza kwenkcubeko yemifuno, kuba ixabiso lokushisa lomoya libaluleke kakhulu xa likhula. Ukuba ziphakama ngaphezu kwe-25 ° C, i-broccoli iya kuhamba kumbala.
2. Kukulungele ukhethe iintlobo zokuqala, kuba umgangatho wesityalo uchatshazelwa ngokukhawuleza.
3. Ukuba iintloko zisasazi, ukukhula kwe-broccoli ngaphandle kubandakanya ukususa umbala kunye nokukhulula umhlaba. Emva koko ithuba lokuba iintloko zecala ziya kukhula kakhulu.

Xa i-pritenyat iklabishi i-broccoli evulekile?

Ilanga elitshisayo lasehlotyeni lingalimaza isityalo kwaye lube nzima ngakumbi umvuno we-broccoli, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba kufake inkqubo eyodwa yokumisela - indawo yokukhusela yamatye. Xa iintloko ziqala ukuvuthwa, kufuneka zifakwe emthunzini, zivale ilanga elitshisayo. Sebenzisa le njongo inqunywe ukusuka kumaqabunga amahlathi. Ukuba i-broccoli ikhulile ngaphandle ngaphandle kwenkqubo, ke iintloko ziya kuba ziincinci kwaye zixakeke.

Ukukhula kwe-broccoli kweli lizwe - iimpawu zokunisela

Kwiimeko ezininzi, kunkcenkceshela umhlaba kanye ngeveki, kodwa ukuba ukushisa komoya kuphakame ngaphezu kwe-25 ° C, amahlathi afuna ukunyuka rhoqo. Ukunyamekela i-broccoli iklabishi kwindawo evulekileyo kubandakanya ukutyilisa okuninzi, kodwa amanzi akufanele agxilwe, ngaphandle kokubola kweengcambu kunokwenzeka. Kwimimoya eshushu, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlambele isityalo ngokuhlwa.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-broccoli entsimini

Kwiimeko zesityalo kulula ukufumana ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinganeleyo, ngoko ukuba amaqabunga aphantsi ajika kwaye ukukhula kuphuculwa, kwaye kukho ukungabikho kwe-nitrogen. Ukuba kukho i-potassium encinci, amaqabunga abe obomvu, kwaye imiphetho yawo iyomile. Izichumisi zenkcubeko zemifuno ezithe zenziwa kakuhle, zichithe iingubo eziphezulu kwiindawo ezithile.

1. Okokuqala, kuyafaneleka ukufumanisa okokutshiza iklabishi ye-broccoli kwindawo evulekileyo emva kokutshala, ngoko ngeli xesha ukunyuswa kwe- mullein , kunikezwe ngamanzi 1:10.
2. Ngexesha elilandelayo, izichumisi ziziswa malunga neveki ezimbini emva kwenkqubo yokuqala. Nciphisa i-slurry ngamanzi, ngokuqwalasela inani le-1: 4. Umanyolo uthele phantsi kweengcambu.
3. Ukukhula kwe-broccoli kwintsimi kubandakanya ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesithathu kwaye kuyenzeka xa kwenziwa i-inflorescences. Ukwenza isisombululo, xuba 1 tbsp. iipuni ze-superphosphate nge-5 litres zamanzi. Umqulu owenziwe uwanele izityalo ezili-10.
4. Isondlo sokugqibela senziwa emva kokuba intloko igalelwe ukuba yenze amahlumela aso. Sebenzisa isichumisi esinzima.

Xa uzonqumla i-broccoli ngaphandle?

Ukuvunwa kungaqokelelwa emva kweenyanga eziyi-3-4. emva kokuhlwayela imbewu. Konke kuxhomekeke kwiindidi kunye nendawo yokulima. Ngethuba lehlobo lexesha lehlobo, unokuqokelela ngaphezu kokuvuna omnye, kuba emva kokusika intloko ephakathi, izihlumela zesikhashana ziyakhiwa. Imithetho yokukhuphula i-broccoli ibonisa ukuba kulungile ukudubula iintloko ekuseni, xa zinejusi enkulu. Qaphela ukuba awudingi ukulinda ixesha apho intloko ithola ubunzima obuninzi, kuba ngelixa liluhlaza, lihle kakhulu. Isityalo sokuqala kufuneka sigcinwe malunga neveki kwisiqandisiso, kwaye okulandelayo kulungele ukugcinwa kwexesha elide.

Ukukhula kwe-broccoli kwindawo evulekileyo-isifo

Ukunyamekela inkcubeko yemifuno ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ngokubonakala kwezifo ezithile, ukususwa kweenkqubo ezizodwa eziyimfuneko. Ukukhupha i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile ingahamba kunye neengxaki:

1. Umlenze omnyama. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuchaphazela izityalo, ukunciphisa iintamo zezityalo, ezikhokelela ekunciphiseni nasekutshiseni kwesiqu. Izityalo ezigulayo zisuswe, kwaye umhlaba uthululwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate, usebenzisa i-3-4 g ye-10 ilitha amanzi. Emva koko, izityalo azityiwe ngeveki.
2. Bel. Ukuba ukunakekelwa kwe-broccoli emhlabathini ovulekile akukwenziwanga ngokwemiqathango, kukho ukuhlaselwa okufana nepeyinti yeoli. Iifutha ezibuhlungu kufuneka zisuswe, kwaye izityalo ezisele ziphathwa ngokucwangciswa kwezethusi.
3. Ukubola okumhlophe. Esi sifo sibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, kunokuthi kube ne-spiderweb kunye nokubola kwesiqu. Ukujongana nayo, phatha i-broccoli kunye neyeza ezinokutsalana.
4. I-Vascular bacteriosis. Esi sifo sinqunywe ngamaphethelo aphuzi asemagqabini, aphezu kwexesha. Iibhokhwe kufuneka ziphathwe ngesilwanyana "Planrys" okanye "Trichodermin"

I-Broccoli inambuzane kwindawo evulekile

Ukuze kukhuselwe inkcubeko evezwe yintyatyambo ekuhlaselweni kwezinambuzane, kucetyiswa ukuba uphathe unyango nge-infusion ukusuka kwiziqu kunye namahlamvu amatamatati okanye amazambane njengendlela yokuthintela. Ukuba awuqwalaselanga iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokukhula kwe-broccoli, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuhlaselwa ezinjalo izilokazana :

1. Iklabishi indiza. Ukususela kumzuzwana wokutyala, kubalulekile ukuhlola isityalo ukubonakala kwamaqanda aphaphazelayo, kwaye ukuba zifunyenwe, kuyimfuneko ukuzicoca kunye nomhlaba ukusuka kwisitshixo kwaye uthele emhlabathini omtsha, ukukhupha isityalo. Ukuze ungahlaseli iimpukane zeklabishi, ufafaze umhlaba ojikelezileyo ngothuli lwefodya.
2. Iklabishi i-aphid. Xa ukhula i-broccoli endle, ukubonakala kwesi sifo kunokwenzeka, ukulwa noko kuyimfuneko ukukhupha i-aphids.
3. Whitecaps. Izinambuzane zibeka amaqanda phantsi kweqabunga leklabishi, elimele lisuswe ngesandla. Ukutshitshisa ama-butterflies, kunconywa ukukhubeka kwiigwegwe, ezifanele zibe ziphakame ngaphezu kweklabishi, iigobolondo ezingenanto.