Uhlobo lwe-Holstein lweenkomo - iimpawu ezicacileyo, ukungonakali kunye nezinto ezikhethiweyo zohlobo

Inzala ebalulekileyo yeHolstein yeenkomo ngokubonga kwimizamo yabafuyi beyakwazi ukuthatha izikhundla eziphambili kwihlabathi kuzo zonke izikhokelo eziphambili - umthamo we-fat, umxholo weprotheni kunye nezivuno zobisi eziphezulu. Ezi zilwanyana ezihle kakhulu ezinokunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo ziyakwazi ukuzisa imali ebonakalayo kunye nengenangqiqo ekhaya.

Uhlobo lwe-Holstein lweenkomo - uphawu

Iokhokho zeHolstein ezidumileyo ziinkomo ezimnyama-ezimhlophe ezivela eHolland, eBelgium, eJamani. Abahlali bawazisa e-USA kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngenxa yomsebenzi omhle wokuzalisa, unokuphucula kakhulu imveliso yemfuyo. Iimpawu zamanqaku e-Holstein zanamhlanje zihle kakhulu. Iyaziwayo kwiintlobo zombini zokurhweba ubisi kunye nokuzinyanya ngokukhawuleza kwizilwanyana eziselula, ngoko kuya kusetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwemveliso yenyama.

Inkomo yeHow Holstein - inkcazo

Ngaphandle, iinkomo zobisi zaseHolstein zihluke kwezinye iinkomo, ingcali onamava iyakwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo emhlambini omkhulu. Inzuzo enkulu yezi zilwanyana - nangona zivuno eziphezulu kakhulu zobisi, ayanciphisi umthamo we-fat fat and content content. Nantsi inkcazo emfutshane yeenkomo eziphezulu zeHolstein:

1. Isibonda sesimo somda.
2. Amagxa amaninzi kwaye ade.
3. Ubunzima obukhulu.
4. Ububanzi besisu kuya kuma-64 cm.
5. Ukholo lubanzi.
6. Isifuba seenkomo zaseHolstein sisisiseko (ukuya kuma-86 cm).
7. Imiqolo ide.
8. Iimvumba ekudleni zibizwa ngokugqithiseleyo.
9. Ubunzima beenkomo omdala zifikelela kuma-700 kg.
10. Ukunyusa i-golshtinskih zeenkomo - malunga ne-900 kg.
11. Ubunzima beenkonyane malunga ne-38-45 kg.
12. Ukuphakama kweenkomo kwi-withers yi-160 cm.
13. Ukuphakama kweenkomo kwi-withers ngu 140-150 cm.

Umbala weHolstein

Abameleli balobu buhlanga baninzi kakhulu kwiimpahla ezimnyama kunye ne-motley, le nto yayigxininiswe ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuzalisa kunye namathole ombala ohlukeneyo. Umlinganiselo weendawo ezimnyama kunye ezimhlophe ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho amathole ecaleni phantse abamnyama kunye namabala aqhakazileyo emsila nasemilenzeni. Inkomo yase-Holstein emnyama-ne-white ingabangela inzala ebomvu neyemhlophe. Abantu abanjalo babengavumelekanga ukuba baphinde baphinde baveliswe, kodwa ukususela ngo-1970 bachongwa ukuba bafumane udidi olukhethekileyo.

Ubisi obuninzi obunikela iinkomo zaseHolstein?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi ethile ye-climatic, ukuvunwa kwe-milk average yeenkomo zaseHolstein kuyahluka kakhulu, ngaphezu koko, ukulinganiswa kunye nomgangatho wokunyamekela kunempembelelo kulo mpawu. Kwinqanaba elithile, umkhiqizo uxhomekeke kwi-suit. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abomvu-ne-motley banika ubisi ngomxholo ococekileyo we-fat of 3.95%, kodwa ngobungakanani bemali abayidla emva kweenkomo ezimnyama ne-motley kwisiqingatha. Unokuthelekisa izibonakaliso eziphezulu ukuba abalimi base-Israel, i-USA kunye ne-Russia bafumane:

1. E-Israel, i-milk year yields reach 10 kg kwi-fat content e-3.1% kunye ne-protein ye-3%.
2. EU.S., i-milk annual yields at 9000 kg, umxholo we-fat 3.6%, iprotheni 3.2%.
3. ERashiya, ukuvunwa ubisi kungaphakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-7 500 kunye nomxholo weoli u-3.8%.

Ukuzaliswa kweHolstein - ukondla kwethole

I-milk calf yokutya ichaphazela kakhulu imveliso yabantu abadala. Kwimibuzo yendlela yokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo ukutya kweenkomo eHolstein, zonke izinto kufuneka zifakwe kwiiyure yokuqala zokuphila:

1. Akukhuthazwa ukulibazisa inkqubo yokutya kokuqala.
2. Ukuba kuphawulwe ukuba kukho igazi kwi- colostrum , kungcono ukunika umntwana umveliso ofudumele u-39 ° C ukusuka kwenye inkomo.
3. Isixa sombala we-colostrum sifikelela kwi-2.5 ilitha, kodwa kungekho ngaphezu kwe-5% yobunzima bayo.
4. Umhla wokuqala wezinye izilwanyana azinakunikelwa.
5. I-colostrum inikezwa ngamaxesha ama-3-4 ngosuku.
6. Kucebise ukuba usebenzise indebe ye-teat xa ukondla.
7. Kwiintsuku ezili-15 inani le-colostrum lifikelela kuma-8 ilitha.
8. Kwiintsuku ezi-2, amathole adluliselwa kwiiseli zeqela kwaye anika ubisi jikelele.
9. Hayi unikela abantwana kwiveki yokuqala yokuphila.
10. Isiqhelo senkcazo sincike kwiminyaka, amathole azinyanga ezi-3 anika ama-1.4 kg, kunye neenyanga ezi-6 zenyanga-3 kg.
11. Ukususela ngomhla we-4, kugxininiswa kufakwe kwisondlo.
12. Isiqhelo sokugxila kwiinyanga ezi-3 si malunga ne-1.6-2 kg.
13. Iintlobo zeenkomo zaseHolstein zinikelwa abantwana xa befikelela kwinyanga enye.
14. I-Silage kunye ne-haylage yamathole zinikezelwa kwiinyanga ezimbini.

Ukutyalwa kweebhokhwe zaseHolstein ezizaliswa inyama

E-US, ukuzaliswa kweenkomo zaseHolstein kusetshenziselwa ngokukodwa ukuveliswa kwenkomo enkulu. Emazantsi, i-gobies yamathenwa ikhulile ngokunyusa imiba enomxholo ophezulu wamandla akhethekileyo kunye nenani elincinci lefowuni. Ngale ndlela, iiHolstein ezizaliswayo iinkunzi zeenkunzi ziyanciphisa kwaye zifezekise iimeko ezifunekayo ngexesha elichaziweyo.

Amanqanaba amathole akhulayo ngokutya inyama yeenkomo zeHolstein:

1. Izinkunzi ezisanda kuzalwa zithatha indawo yobisi ibe ngumxholo weoli u-20%.
2. Iintsuku zokuqala ezingama-45-60 - ubisi okanye ubisi endaweni.
3. Ngethuba lokumisa, abantwana banikwa umxube weengqolowa.
4. I-Granulated starter yamathole amaHolstein azalisa iinkomo zinika iiveki ezi-2.
5. Isilinganiso sokuqala sifike kwi-0.5 kg ukuya ku-0.750 kg.
6. Uhlobo olusondeleyo lweesondlo ezomileyo - i-33% i-oats kunye neeprotheni granules kunye ne-34% yengqolowa yegesi.
7. Ngeveki yesibhozo inani le-starter lifikelela kuma-1.5 kg.
8. Ukutya kweeHolstein ezinamathole amanconywe - ama-80% e-grains-grain dripping, i-roughage -20%.
9. Iprotheni enexabiso le-calf ye-180-340 kg ngu-16% kwisondlo.
10. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, ipesenteji yengqolowa ihanjiswa kuma-80% -90%.

Iingxaki zeHolstein zohlobo

Ukufuna ukuthenga iinkomo kwimveliso yobisi, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde iinkcukacha zeenkomo zaseHolstein kunye neemeko zokugcinwa kwazo. Ukubona kwiifama eziphezulu zeefama zobuncwane kubunako kuphela ukufumana ukutya kunye neendlela ezinzima zokulondolozwa kweenkomo. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukukwazi ukungahambi kakuhle kwesi sizwe:

1. Ubisi i-Milk Golshtinskaya yeenkomo ihlambulukile kwaye ibekezeleleke kakuhle imeko.
2. Ukuxinezeleka kunomphumo onobungozi kwimpilo yemfuyo.
3. Utshintsho lweendawo zokuhlala okanye ukuthutha kubantu abadala kunokuchaphazela umkhiqizo, kungcono ukuthenga ukuzalanisa amathole amancinci.
4. Kwiimeko ezibandayo, ukuvunwa ubisi lweenkomo zaseHolstein kunciphisa.
5. Ebusika, i-borries idinga ukutya okuphezulu.