Ngaba ucinga ukuba inkqubo yekhoboka sele ihambe? Oku kukude kwimeko. Kuvela ukuba iimveliso ezininzi zemihla ngemihla zivela ngokuxhatshazwa kwabantu. Masifunde apho kukho izigqila.
Nangona uphuhliso olubanzi lwezoshishino, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo kunye noomatshini, kwamanye amazwe bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa abasebenzi bekhoboka. Bambalwa abantu abagxininisa ukuba izinto ezisisigxina ngathi zidalwe ngabantu abasebenza kwiimeko ezimbi kwaye baxhatshazwa ngunyango. Ndikholelwe, ulwazi olungezantsi, ukuba aluyikrakra, kuya kukumangalela ngokuqinisekileyo.
1. Iingxowa zokulwa
Ibhizinisi elenza inzuzo enkulu, livelisa iikopi zeengxowa zeempawu ezidumileyo, kwaye zithengiswa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Abaphandi babala ukuba imarike yokukhohlisa iqikelelwa kuma-dollar ayi-600 ayi-600. Kuyaziwa ukuba isigqila kunye nokusebenza kwabantwana kusetyenziswa kwimveliso yabo, ebonakaliswa ngokuhlaselwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngethuba linye, amapolisa afumana abantwana abancinci kwipranikhi eThailand, apho abanikazi balo baqhekeza imilenze ukuze bangabi nako ukuphulaphula uqeqesho.
2. Iingubo
Kwamazwe amaninzi aseAsia kukho iifemu zokwenza izinto, okungena kwiimarike zethu kunye neevenkile. Inyaniso yokuba umsebenzi wabantwana ubandakanyeka emsebenzini uloyiko. Oku kungavunyelwe ngumthetho, kodwa uphando oluyimfihlo lubonisa okuchaseneyo. Le ngxaki ibaluleke ngakumbi kubantu baseBangladesh. Kwilizwe elifanayo, kukho ezinye iifrikansi "eziqhelekileyo" ezivelisa iimpahla kwiNtshona, kodwa zihlala zidlulisela ama-oda kumashishini apho amakhoboka enza umsebenzi ophantsi.
Kukho amabali amaninzi athetha ngeengxaki ezimbi zokusebenzela amashishini anjalo, umzekelo, ngo-2014 omnye wabo wayenomlilo, kodwa ulawulo aluzange luthethe nantoni na kubasebenzi, kodwa luvale umnyango, luye lwashiya abantu ukuba bafe. Kunyaka ongaphambili, eBangladesh, uphahla lwaye lwawa kwelinye lamafektri, oku kwakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-1 000. Esi sizathu sokuba isicatshulwa seDisney sishiye kwimarike. Ngelo xesha, izambatho kwiWalmart ziyaqhubeka zisuka kumafektri apho abantwana bekhoboka benza khona.
3. I-Rubber
Ngaba ucinga ukuba amathayi kunye nezinye iimveliso zerabha zenziwa kwiifekthi apho kusetyenziswa iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo? Enyanisweni, ifumaneka kwiindawo zokurhweba iirubha, apho umkhiqizo ususelwa kwimihlobo ekhethekileyo yomthi, kwaye uxhomekeke kwonyango oluthile.
KwiLiberia, irubha yenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa abanini bezolimo ezikhoyo zibhekisela kubasebenzi babo njengezigqila. Ukongezelela, ulwazi luyaziwa ukuba iindawo ezimbini ezinobuninzi beerubha zineenkampani yangaphambili yaseLiberia, ephatheka abantu njengemithombo, akukho nto. Nangona umvelisi omkhulu wePilstone wamangalelwa uluntu ngokuthenga izinto ezibonakalayo eziphathekayo kumatye avela kule mihlaba, kodwa ulawulo aluqinisekisi olu lwazi.
4. Iidayimane
E-Zimbabwe, kuye kwasungulwa ukunyanzelisa, ekhokelwa nguRobert Mugabe, yena kunye neqela lakhe bakha iprojekthi enkulu kwi-diamond-mining industry, kwaye isebenzisa abasebenzi bekhoboka. Ngokutsho kobu bungqina, ngexesha elifutshane, abantu abangamakhulu amaninzi babekhoboka. Amakhoboka athabatha amatye anqabileyo, athengiswa ngokucebisa uMugabe.
5. I tshokolethi
Ubumnandi obuyintandokazi bobabini kunye nabantwana, abathengiswa kuwo wonke umhlaba, kwenziwa kwiimbotyi ze-cocoa. Izibalo zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwetshokolethi kwanda minyaka yonke, ephikelela ososayensi kwingcamango yokuba kwixesha elizayo kuya kufika ixesha apho oku kutywala kuba yintsilelo kwaye kuya kuba lula ukuyifumana.
Kubonakala ukuba iimbotyi zikhulile kwimimandla embalwa kuphela, kwaye namhlanje abaninzi abathengi bathengi iiimbotyi kwimithombo esekelwe kwiCyria Coast. Iimeko zokuphila ezi ndawo kule ndawo ziyingozi, kwaye umsebenzi wabantwana uphathwa kakubi apha. Ukongezelela, kukho inani elikhulu leengxelo ukuba abantwana abaninzi bathunjwa. Abaphandi bafikele kwisigqibo sokuba ezininzi iimveliso zehlabathi zisekelwe kubasebenzi bekhoboka labantwana.
6. Izilwanyana zokutya
Imihla ngemihla yaseBrithani i-Guardian yenze uphando ukucacisa iingxaki zobukhoboka kwi-shrimp industry. Bawela efama elikhulu eThailand ebizwa ngokuba yi-SR Foods. Le nkampani inikeza ukutya kwezilwanyana zasemanzini kwiinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu kwihlabathi jikelele. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iPC Foods ayisebenzisi ngokugqithiseleyo abasebenzi bekhoboka, njengoko imfucuza ivela kubadayisi ababandakanya amakhoboka emsebenzini.
Abafuduki abangekho mthethweni, abanqwenela ukufumana imali, basebenze elwandle, bevelise ukutya kwezilwanyana zasemanzini. Bahlala kwiinqanawa, kwaye ukuba ababaleki, baboshwe ngamaketanga. Izibalo zibonisa ukuba iThailand ibambe isikhundla esiphambili kwihlabathi ngokuthengiswa kwabantu. Iindaba zeendaba zafika kwisigqibo sokuba ukuba urhulumente uzenze ukuthumela abafudukayo emsebenzini, imeko iya kulungiswa.
7. I-Cannabis
E-UK, imboni ye-cannabisi engekho mthethweni ikhula, iquka umsebenzi wabantwana, kunye nabantwana abavela eVietnam. Abathengisi, beza kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo zaseVietnam, bathembisa abazali babo ngemali ethile ukuba bathathe abantwana babo eBritani bentyebi, apho baya kuba nobomi obonwabileyo.
Ngenxa yoko, abantwana bawela ebukhoboka. Abakwazi ukukhalaza, kuba akukho mthethweni, kodwa umqeshi uhlala esongela ukubulala abazali babo. Ngexesha lokuhlaselwa, abantwana baseVietnam basentolongweni. Kukho nantlangano "Abantwana bezorhwebo le-Cannabis", efuna ukubeka ingqalelo yoluntu kule ngxaki.
8. Ioli ye Palm
Imveliso exhaphakileyo kungekhona kumazwe aseAsia kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi yintsimbi yesundu, esetyenziswa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, umzekelo, kwishishini lezonyuka kunye nokuveliswa kwamafutha. Iingcali zenzululwazi zithi ukuveliswa kwalo mveliso kuthatha ingozi engqongileyo, kodwa oku akuyona yodwa ingxaki, kuba umsebenzi wekhoboka usetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwayo. Izibonelelo eziphambili zihlala eBorneo naseNorth Sumatra.
Ukufumana abasebenzi bezononophelo zezityalo, abanikazi bezityalo baya kungena kwiikontraka kunye neenkampani zangaphandle, ezingatsho ukuba zilawulwe ngumthetho. Abantu basebenza kanzima phantse ngaphandle kweentsuku, baze bawabethe ngenxa yokuphula imithetho. Iinkampani eziyaziwayo zihlala zifumana iincwadi zomsindo kunye nezilumkiso ngokusebenzisana nabontraki abasebenzisa abasebenzi bekhoboka.
9. zeZixhobo
E-China, kukho umbane odumile we-electronics Foxconn, ovelisa izixhobo kunye nokudibanisa iimveliso zobuchwepheshe kwezinye iikhampani, ezithengisa phantsi kohlobo lwazo. Igama le shishini livame ukukhanyisa kwiindaba, kwaye ngendlela engafanelekanga, njengoko kubhala ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphulwa okuhlobene nokusebenza kwabantu. Abantu besityalo bathatha ixesha elingaphezu kweeyure (ukuya kwiiyure eziyi-100 ngeveki), bahlala belibaleka umvuzo. Omnye akakwazi ukusilela ukukhankanya iimeko eziyoyikrakra ezingafaniswa nentolongo.
Xa iingxaki zithe zafunyanwa, iinkampani ezininzi zaseMelika zazihlawuliswa, zibophekile ukuba zenze ngcono imeko zokusebenza, phakathi kwabaphulaphuli be-brand brand. Nangona iinzame ezenziweyo zokutshintsha imeko yezinto, iimeko zihlala zikhohlakele. Ngokutsho kolwazi olukhoyo, ngenxa yeemeko zokusebenza ezimbi, abantu baye bazibulala ngokusuka ephahleni lenkampani, ngoko ulawulo lweFoxconn lufake umnxibelelwano olungezantsi. Kule nkampani, abasebenzi abazange banikwe iityiti ukwenzela ukuba bangayi kuphumla. Emva kokugxekwa kakubi, ezinye iipitulo zakhishwa, kodwa abantu bahlala kuzo kuphela ngo-1/3.
10. Icandelo lezonyango
Intengiso enkulu kunazo zonke yobugqwetha ngokwesondo, apho amaninzi amabhinqa avela kumazwe ahluphekileyo ahlukeneyo abandakanyekayo. Kukho ulwazi lokuba kwiminyaka yakutshanje kukho amaza amaninzi okugqilazwa kwabantu. Ngelo xesha, abaninzi abafazi babebiwe eColombia, kwiDominican Republic naseNigeria. Iinkcukacha ezikhoyo zibonisa ukuba kwiminyaka yamuva, abafazi basemazweni angaphambili base-USSR baye bawela ebukhosini bobulili, kuquka neentlobano zoonografi.