Imfundo yanamhlanje ibeka abazali abaninzi ekupheleni kokufa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ekuphuhlisweni nasekukhulisweni komntwana. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, inani elikhulu leenkcazo kunye neenkqubo zezemfundo zenziwe kwi-pedagogy, elowo unelungelo lokuba khona. Ngokukodwa, namhlanje isikolo samahhala saseWaldorf sithandwa kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi. Imigaqo yayo kunye neempawu ezizodwa ziya kuxutyushwa kamva.
Isikolo saseValdorsfka - isiseko sayo kunye nemvelaphi
Enye yeenkqubo ezinkulu zemfundo zehlabathi zikhokelela kumntu ocinga waseAustria uRudolf Steiner. Ifilosofi kunye nomlobi weencwadi ezininzi kunye neentetho ngeenkolelo, ezoqoqosho kunye nesayensi, wadala i-anthroposophy ("anthropos" - indoda, "sophia" - ubulumko) - imfundiso enomgomo wokubonakalisa ubuchule bokulala kumntu ngoncedo lweendlela ezizodwa kunye nokuzivocavoca. Ngo-1907, uSteiner wakhicilela incwadi yakhe yokuqala ngemfundo. Kwaye ngo-1919 kwisixeko saseJamani saseStuttgart isikolo sasisiseko, ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo yakhe yokufundisa. Esi siganeko sasixhaswa ngumyalelo kaEmil Molta, ngubani kulo mzi wayengumninimzi we-cigarette "Waldorf-Astoria". Ukususela ngoko igama elithi Waldorf alithethi nje kuphela igama le sikolo, kodwa nalo liphawu lokuthengisa.
Iinqununu zeeWaldorf
Iyiphi indlela yeWaldorf, eye yajikeleza ihlabathi kangangenkulungwane ngoku?
Imigaqo ye-Waldorf yokufundisa ilula kakhulu: umntwana unikezwa ithuba lokuhlakulela ngesantya sakhe, engazami ukuqhubela phambili kwaye "akayikupompa" intloko ngolwazi. Ingqwalasela enkulu ihlawulwa ekuphuculweni ngokomoya nangendlela eya kumfundi ngamnye. Ngamanye amazwi, intsingiselo ye-Waldorf yokufundisa ixhomekeke kwimigaqo-siseko engabonakaliyo:
- Umgaqo "wokuvumelanisa ubomi bokomoya." Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zothisha kuphuhliso olulinganayo lwentando, iimvakalelo kunye nokucinga. Ootitshala bayazi ukuba ezi zimpawu zibonakalisa njani ngokwazo kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo kwaye zinike ixesha ngokuvumelana nokukhula kwabafundi.
- Ukufundisa "amaxesha". Eli gama linamaxesha okuqeqeshwa, oku malunga namaveki ama-3-4. Ekupheleni "kwexesha" ngalinye, abantwana baziva bengakhathali, kodwa ukuxhamla kwamandla, beqonda ukuba into enokuyifumana.
- Umgaqo "wokudibanisa indawo yentlalo." Ngamanye amazwi, ootitshala banakekele ingqalelo enkulu kwimeko yomntwana, ukuze kungabikho nto inokuyicinezela kuye kwaye ayikuphazamisi ukuphuhliswa kobuntu bakhe.
- Imfuneko yokwandisa ubuntu bomfundisi. I-Walldorf Pedagogy ibonisa ukuba uqeqesho luyakwenziwa kuphela ngumntu ohlala ephucula rhoqo kwaye ephuhlisa.
- Indlela yomntu ngamnye kumntwana. Umgaqo othi "musa ukwenza ingozi" kule meko kufikelela kwimpilo yengqondo nengqondo yomfundi. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokufunda ngaphandle kokulinganisa kukunika ithuba lokuzithembela kumntu obuthakathaka kunabanye. Ukhuphiswano oluphela kuphela olwamkelekileyo esikolweni ngumzabalazo lwabantu namhlanje kunye nezolo, ukuphucula impumelelo kunye nempumelelo.
- Imisebenzi ehlangeneyo. Uphuhliso lwabantu baseHarmonic luqhutywa lula ngumsebenzi weqela, okwenza kube lula ukuba iklasi ibe nobungane kwaye ingenakuphikisana. Oku kubandakanya iiklasi zomculo, i-Boomer gymnastics, i-eurythmy, ingoma ye-choral, njl. Into ebalulekileyo eyenza abantwana badibanise negunya lootitshala, osondeleyo kwiminyaka emininzi yoqeqesho.
Iteknoloji yesikolo saseWaldorf ayibonakaliswa ngabaxhasi abaninzi beemfundiso zakudala. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abaxhasi bempawu zayo:
- Utitshala weklasi (umntu ofanayo, utitshala nomgcini omnye kumntu omnye iminyaka eyisibhozo) uhola isifundo sokuqala kwieyure ezimbini. Isifundo sokuqala esikolweni sisoloko sisona sikhulu.
- Ukuba kwizikolo eziqhelekileyo izifundo zezifundo ziphambili, ngoko ke kwiziko laseWaldorf ingqalelo ehlawulwayo
unikezwa ubugcisa, umculo, iilwimi zangaphandle, njl njl. - Akukho zifundo zezikolo esikolweni. Incwadi yincwadi iyona sixhobo esiyinhloko. Luhlobo lwedayari apho abantwana babonisa amava abo kunye noko bakufundileyo. Kuphela kumgangatho ophezulu kukho iincwadi ezimbalwa kwizifundo eziphambili.
Namhlanje, ubudlelwane bezikolo zaseWaldorf ehlabathini lonke liziko lemfundo apho abantwana bahlonishwa khona kwaye abayithinteli umntwana wabo. Injongo ephambili yabalandeli bakaSteiner kukuhlakulela kumntwana ubunjani bokukwazi nokulungiselela kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu owaziyo ngumntu omdala.