Ukubhaliswa kwabantwana abatsha kuyinkqubo esemthethweni ebonisa imimiselo ethile kwaye imiselwe kwimithetho echaphazelekayo ye-Civil, Housing and Family Codes. Kule nqaku siza kuqwalasela imibuzo malunga nokuba yintoni na indlela yokumisela umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa, yiziphi iimpepha ezifunekayo kule nto, nokuba kuyimfuneko ukunika umntwana kunye nabanye abaninzi.
Uphi umntwana omiselwe emva kokuzalwa?
Ngokomthetho, isigqibo malunga nendawo yokubhalisa umntwana ngqo kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakhe. Ngoko, abantwana ukususela ekuzaleni ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-10 banokumiselwa kuphela ngabazali (okanye omnye wabo). Kwixesha elizayo, umntwana kunye nemvume yakhe inokumiselwa kwezinye izalamane, kwaye ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-14 unelungelo lokukhetha apho kufuneka ukuba abhaliswe khona. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungabhalisa umntwana wakho, umzekelo, kunye nogogo wakho, nokuba ngaba abazali bakho ababhalisiwe apho, emva kweminyaka eyi-10 kuphela.
Ukuba ngaba abazali abanalo umntwana okanye baye banqatshelwe amalungelo omzali, uxanduva lokunika umntwana indawo yokuhlala linikezelwa kumagunya okugcinwa karhulumente.
Yintoni oyifunayo ukumisela umntwana?
Njengomthetho, akunzima ukubhalisa umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa kwindlu. Ukwenza oku, amaxwebhu alandelayo kufuneka afakwe kwi-jack kwindawo yokubhalisa (kwizindlu zangasese - kwiofisi yepaspoti):
- iipasipoti zabazali bobabini;
- isatifiketi somtshato;
- isatifikethi sokuzalwa somntwana , esifanele sibhaliswe ngaphambili kwiofisi yokubhalisa.
Ukuba ngaba abazali bahlala ngokwahlukileyo ngokusemthethweni, omnye umntwana ubhalisiwe kunye nomnye wabo, kwaye umzali wesibini kufuneka abekhona ngexesha lokufakela amaxwebhu ukuze asayine imvume yabo yokuhlala kunye nomlingane wabo. Ukongezelela, kufuneka unike isitifiketi ukusuka kwindawo yokuhlala yomzali wesibini ukuba umntwana akabhaliswanga khona (oku kuyimfuneko ukukhupha umgaqo-mvume wokuhlala kabini).
Kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba umbuzo wokuba umyalelo wokuba umntwana oza kuzalwa unqunywe kuphela ngabazali bakhe kwaye akukho mntu. Bayakwazi ukubhalisa umntwana nangaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi wezindlu, ukuba azinjalo. Oku kusebenza nakwizindlu eziqashiweyo: abazali banokuzibandakanya ngokwabo umntwana wabo oneminyaka engama-18 ngaphandle kwemvume yomnini wezindlu kunye nabanye abaqashi.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekileyo lixesha lokubhalisa iintsana. Ngokubanzi, kubalulekile ukubhalisa kwidilesi entsha kungekudala kweentsuku ezili-10 ukususela ngexesha lokuqalisa ukuhlala kule dilesi. Kodwa ngelo xesha akukho mthetho olawula imiqathango ethile yokubhalisa iintsana, kuba iimeko zobomi zihlukile. Ukuba ithuba elinjalo likhona, kukulungele ukumisela umntwana ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukulungiselela uncedo lwezinto eziphathekayo ukusuka kwimeko yokunyamekela umntwana ngexesha. Ukuba umntwana akabhaliswanga naphi na, awuyi kukwazi ukwenza lo ncedo kwi-arhente yokukhusela uluntu.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukunika umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa ixesha elifutshane? Awukwazi, ngaphandle nje kokuba engenalo imvume yokuhlala isigxina. Kamva, ukuba kukho imfuneko yokufumana imvume yokuhlala yesikhashana, umntwana ubhalisiwe kunye nabazali bakhe ngexesha elithile (ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-2).
Amalungelo omntwana obhalisiwe kwigumbi
Abantwana abancinci njengabameli benkalo engaphephekanga yoluntu banamalungelo okuphambili kwiimeko zokuhlala iimvume. Oku kuchazwe kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- kuchazwe ngasentla ithuba lokumisela umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa kunye nabazali "ngokuzenzekelayo", ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi kunye nabaqeshi bezindlu;
- akunakwenzeka ukukhupha umntwana ngaphandle kokubhaliswa okulandelayo okanye enye indawo yendawo encinci;
- ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuthengisa indlu ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwibhunga lokugcina, elihlola ukuba amalungelo omntwana awaphuliyo kule meko.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana ubhalisiwe, kodwa engabandakanywa kwinani labanini bezindlu, akakwazi ukubiza inxaxheba kule ndlu, kodwa nje unelungelo lokuqala lokuhlala kunye nokukhutshwa.