Nangona isityalo esinokuthobekileyo sidinga ulwazi olusisiseko lwetheknoloji yezolimo. Kwaye injalo imifuno njengeklabishi, ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekile, ongafuneki umgudu omkhulu, ufanele unakekele. Ukutyala ngokukhawuleza ngokuthobela yonke imigaqo, ukunakekelwa ngokunyamekela - oku kuyintloko ukuze kulungiswe ngempumelelo iklabishi emhlophe engadini. Makhe siqwalasele ngokucacileyo indlela yokufumana isivuno esihle.
Ukutshala iklabishi
Kukho ezinye izinto ezifuneka ziqwalaselwe. Indlela yokutshala iklabishi kwindawo evulekile:
- Iklabishi emhlophe njengomhlaba omanzi, indawo yokukhula kufuneka ikhethwe kwindawo ethile ephantsi.
- Iklabishi idinga ukukhanya, indawo yokuhlawulela kufuneka ilanga.
- Unenani elikhulu leenambuzane, ngoko awukwazi ukuvuna iklabishi kwibhede elifanayo kwiminyaka emibini.
Ngaphambi kokufika, kubalulekile ukulungiselela umhlaba ngokufanelekileyo. NgoSeptemba, umhlaba kufuneka ugqitywe ngokucacileyo, ushiye umhlaba ube ungalingani, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iklabishi iyanyuka. Ngentwasahlobo, umhlaba oomileyo uphakanyiswa ngokunyanisekileyo ngoncedo lwe-rakes. Emva koko iklabishi, ukutyala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo utsalwa emva koko kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ngezantsi.
Indlela yokutshala iklabishi kwimbewu evulekile?
Izithombo ezifanele ukutyala ziqwalaselwa kuphela xa zinamaqabunga ama-5-7, kwaye ubude bayo buyi-12-20 cm kwiintlobo zokuqala zeklabishi emhlophe, amaqabunga ama-4-6 kunye no-15-20 cm ukukhula ngexesha eliphakathi kunye nelo xesha. Ukutshala iklabishi kwindawo evulekile kwenzelwe ukujula ukuya kwiqabunga lokuqala, kwaye kufuneka uhlawule ingqalelo ukuba indawo yokukhula xa ingenakutyalwa ngumhlaba. Ukutshala izithombo zeklabishi kuyimfuneko ngokuhlwa, okanye kwimozulu yezulu, ukuze imibala ekhanyayo ilanga ingonakalisi imbewu.
Umgama phakathi kweebhola zeklabhi kwindawo evulekile
Ukucinga malunga nendlela yokutshala iklabishi kwindawo evulekile enezityalo, into yokuqala yokuqwalasela yayizikhulu yemifuno. Ukuba uyazi ukuba bunjani ubungakanani besivuno, kuya kuba lula ukubala iskimu - kungcono ukugcina umgama phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini kwiimitha zamanzi eziyinhloko. Izicwangciso eziqhelekileyo, njengoko iklabishi ihleli, ukwenzela ukuba ukutshala nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekile kube lula, ngu-50х50 cm, 40х40 cm, 50х40 cm, 70х30 cm.
Iqondo lokushisa kwembewu yeklabishi kwindawo evulekile
Umphumo wokukhula iklabishi emhlophe ixhomekeka ngexesha lokutshala izithombo. Kwiqela ngalinye, baya kuba bahluke, yinto ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo ekuqwalaseleni iqondo lokushisa. Ukutshala iklabishi kwiimbewu ezivulekile zomhlaba kufuneka zenziwe ukuba ukushisa kwelanga kusondele i-12-14 degrees.
Indlela yokutshala iklabishi kwindawo evulekile ngembewu?
Ukuba awufuni ukufumana izityalo ezilungelelanisi ngezizathu ezininzi, unako ukukhula iklabishi kwindawo evulekile esuka kwimbewu. Kule meko, imbewu ihleli ngqo emhlabathini. Umgaqo obalulekileyo wokutshala iklabishi kwindawo evulekile yinkqantosi encinci yeemingxuma, 1.5-3 cm Emva kokuvela, iklabishi kufuneka ichithwe, ishiye umgama phakathi kwamahlathi angama-40 cm. Iklabishi ngokwayo, ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo ayiqhubekiyo ukukhula imifuno ngendlela yokulima.
Imigaqo yokutyala iklabishi
Ixesha apho i-cabbages inokutsalwa kwindawo evulekile kunye nembewu kufuneka ibe yintsasa, ngaphandle koko iya kuvuka ekushiseni kwenkathi, kwaye ilanga elitshisayo, cishe, aliyi kuvumela iklabishi ukuba ikhule emanzini. Imilinganiselo emisiweyo yokutyala imbewu yeklabishi - ngowokuqala kuka-Ephreli, i-spring frosts ingaba yingozi.
Ukukhula iklabishi emhlophe kwindawo evulekile
Ukuba ungumhlali onotshwane wehlobo ehlobo, kwaye uhlazisa umbuzo wendlela yokukhula iklabishi kwindawo evulekile, ungaphelelwa yithemba-ukumnyamekela akuyona into enzima kakhulu, nokuba i-novice ingakwazi ukujamelana nomsebenzi onjalo. Kodwa kukho imigaqo ebalulekileyo, ukubambelela ngokuqinile kuyo kukunika umphumo obalaseleyo wezenzo zakho.
Umhlaba weklabishi kwindawo evulekile
Kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba phantsi kweklabishi kwindawo evulekile ilula, ikhululekile kwaye ihambelana, ngoko kuyafaneleka ukuba ukhethe indawo kuye ngaphandle kwamatye, isanti kunye nezinye. Enye inqaku elibaluleke kakhulu lokunyamekela - ukukhulula umhlaba wokutshala iklabishi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba umhlaba ulungele kangakanani, ubuncinane kanye emva kweentsuku ezilishumi kubalulekile ukuyikhulula ehlathini, ukuyizalisa nge-oxygen.
Ukunyamekela iklabishi endle
Ukunyamekelwa kwesityalo kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyanzeliswa komhlaba, ukuchumisa okufanelekileyo, ukunkcenkceshela okufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye kufuneka sihlanjululwe - ukhula kufuneka luhlambuluke ngokukhawuleza. Eminye imiba ebalulekileyo yendlela yokunyamekela iklabishi kwindawo evulekileyo, sicinga ngokubanzi.
Ungayinisela njani iklabishi kwindawo evulekile?
Umhlaba ophantsi kwaye onobunzima ngumgaqo wokunyamezela unomdla wokukhula ngokuphumelelayo, kunye nokucwiliswa kweklabishi kwindawo evulekile kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo imihla ngemihla, kungcono ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezivumela amanzi ukuba ahlalutye. Ngaphandle kokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nobumanzi, iklabishi ingaba nzima kwaye iyeke ukukhula, kwaye ngokuthe rhoqo ukuthambisa okulungileyo akunako ukuphucula imeko.
Kodwa kwinqanaba xa izityalo zihlwayelwe kuphela kwindawo evulekileyo, kukho iminye imithetho - kuba iindwangu eziqhelekileyo zokunisela ziyingozi kakhulu yaye ziya kubangela ukubola nokufa kwazo. Ngako oko, ixesha lokuqala lokutyala umhlaba kufuneka libe limanzi, kwaye kunye nexesha, xa iklabishi iqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo, kufuneka inike amanzi ngamanzi.
Ukugquma okuphezulu kweklabishi kwindawo evulekile
Ukufumana isivuno esininzi ngaphandle kokutya okunempilo, kunzima ukulawula, kwaye iklabishi emhlophe ayiyona into ekhethekileyo. Ngexesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kobuninzi obunzima, kubalulekile ukubonelela ngesityalo esifanelekileyo se nitrojeni, kwaye xa iklabishi yenziwe, iklabishi emhlophe ifuna i-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Imigaqo eyintloko, kunokutya iklabishi kwindawo evulekile:
- Iifomethri ezithengiswa kwi-fossa ngexesha lokutshala. Umlinganiselo wokuqala wokutya unomxube obunzima, udinga i-0.5 kg ye-humus okanye umquba , i-1 teaspoon ye-superphosphate kunye ne-2 tablespoons yomlotha, lo mxube usetyenziswa kwimithombo. Inketho yesibini ngumxube wokuhlobisa, apho ufuna khona i-humus okanye i-compost enkulu kunye neepupoji ezintathu ze-ash, mixanisa izithako ngomhlaba uze uzifake emingxeni.
- Ukutya kokuqala kweklabishi. Ukuba izimbobo ekuhlaleni zizaliswe, ungaziqhawula. Isondlo sokuqala kufuneka sibe neenxalenye ezininzi zezichumiso ezisekelwe kwiitrojeni ezikhuthaza ukukhula ngokukhawuleza.
- Isilwanyana sesibini senziwa emva kweeveki ezimbini (iintsuku ezi-10-15) emva kokuqala kokuxutywa, ukuxutywa kwemixube esekelwe kwi- Mullein okanye umgquba wenkukhu.
Ukuze iklabishi yeemeko ezizayo, isondlo sesithathu nesesine senziwe, equka i-sulfuric acid potassium kunye ne-ash - akusiyo kuphela isichumisi sezondlo, kodwa sinceda kakhulu ekulawuleni izinambuzane. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kunye nokukhuselwa ngokufanayo, i-shrubbery igxothwe ngomlotha. Kungcono ukwenza oku kusasa okanye nanini na emini emva kwemvula, ukuze i-ash ashwe emaqabini.
Indlela yokwenza iklabishi kwindawo evulekile?
Ukunyamekela iklabishi kuthetha ukunceda ihlathi ukuba lenze intloko, kwaye isitshixo lifanelekileyo lokukhula. Ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo iklabishi, ukutshala kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo kufuneka ube kwindawo ethile yobushushu - i-14-16 degrees yokushisa ngexesha lokukhula kwehlathi. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphakama kumakishi angama-25, ukubunjwa kwentloko kunokuthi kuncitshiswe, oku kuya kuphazamisa isivuno.
Ukuxubusha iklabishi kwindawo evulekile
Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaba yindlela ekhethekileyo yokunyamekela izityalo, ukulungiselela umsebenzi kwindawo leyo. Ilizwe kufuneka lilungiswe ekwindla - iibhebhi zeklabishi ezizayo zihlanjwe ngotshani emva kokugubha, i-humus iyakuthululelwa phezulu, umhlaba ufumana umanyolo ngexesha lobusika, kwaye entwasahlobo indawo yokukhusela ayiyi kuvumela ukhula ukuba luhlume.
Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ixesha lifanelekileyo lokutshala, iklabishi ityalwe ngezityalo, ukulima okuqhubekayo kunye noongikazi kwenziwa kwimihlaba elula, enomanzi. Ukutshala izithombo kwihlabathi elixubileyo kulula kakhulu-ufuna kuphela ukusasaza i-straw, wenze umgodi omncinci kwaye uzalise isiqithi ngawo yonke imithetho kunye nomhlaba kunye neentlobo. Kwinkqubo yokukhula, izityalo azifani nezo zityala ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kweengongoma ezibalulekileyo - umhlaba ugcina umswakama ixesha elide, okuvumela ukuchelela izityalo ngamaxesha amaninzi, kwaye ingxaki yokhula iyanyamalala ngokupheleleyo - i-straw ayivumeli ukuba ihlume.
Ukunyuselwa kwe-mulching akubandakanyi isidingo sokucoca izityalo. Njengomdongwe, utshani olutsha ngokutsha, ukhula, i-sawdust kunye namaqabunga emithi kusetyenziswa rhoqo.Noba yiyiphi indlela oyikhethayo, iklabishi ethanda ukuswakama, ukutshala kunye noongikazi kwindawo evulekileyo emva koko sele ilula kakhulu, iya kuvelisa isivuno esilindelekileyo.
Izifo zeklabishi kwindawo evulekile
Njengazo ezinye izityalo ezilinywayo, iklabishi emhlophe ingagula ngamanye amaxesha, kule meko idinga ukunakekelwa okhethekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha amanyathelo angundoqo. Izifo zeklabishi ziyakwazi ukubulala ngokupheleleyo isityalo, bonke abahlali basehlobo bafanele bazi ngezona zidumileyo.
- Kila. Esi sifo esilungileyo singathiwa yingozi kakhulu iklabishi. Kwiingcambu zezityalo, ukukhula kuvela, kwaye ngenxa yoko, yonke ingcambu ijikeleza. Kulula kakhulu ukunqoba i-keel - ukuba ufumana izityalo ezilukhuni ezithatha emva kokukhula okanye ezifile, zisuse ngokukhawuleza zisuke emhlabeni, uze ufefe nge-lime.
- Umbethe onobuhle weklabishi. Esi sifo sichaphazela izityalo ezincinci ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ziyakwazi ukubonwa ngamaqabunga, aguqulwa okanye aphuzi kunye nomgca ngaphantsi. Unyango luyenziwa nge-boric acid (isisombululo se-500 ml nge-10 ilitha amanzi).
- Fusarium. Isifo esiqhelekileyo sesityalo seklabishi, esilula ukuba siqaphele ngamabala ophuzi phakathi kweemvini zeqabunga, ngokuthe gqolo iqabunga lonke liba liphuzi kwaye limile. Ngenxa yesiseko seklabishi elimele, iindawo ezimdaka ziyakwazi ukuqonda, kwaye ikhanda lihlala lincinci kwaye lithatha isimo esingavumelekanga. Ukulahla kwesi sifo kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokususa amaqabunga achaphazelekayo.
Ingqwalasela eyahlukileyo nayo ifanelwe iindiza zeklabishi kwindawo evulekile, enokuthi ingonakalise sonke isivuno.
- Aphids. Izinambuzane ezincinci zombala we-white-silver zihlala kwindawo ephantsi kweqabunga kwaye zisela isityalo sesityalo, zichithe ihlathi. Kulula ukuqaphela inkathazo emagqabini aphucula umbala wabo wobuqhetseba, i-curl ize ibonakale. Ukuze ukwazi ukujamelana neengweba zeklabishi, ezo zinambuzane zisetyenzisiweyo - umzekelo, iCarbofos, iIskra, i-fumigation kunye nogwayi inokukunceda, ukuthambisa ngokunyuka kwe-anic husk okanye igalikhi.
- Iklabishi indiza. Ukubonakala kwesi siqhelo kunzima kakhulu ukwahlula kwi -flyfly evamile, ngoko kuya kunzima ukuyiqonda. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, indiza ibeka amaqanda emhlabathini, kwaye emva kweentsuku ezingama-7-8, izibungu zidla i-root root system. Qaphela ukuba i-disest elula ngokutyhahlaza, amaqabunga aphantsi athola umbala omnyama. Ukulawula okusebenzayo kwenyuka, isisombululo se-30% seTeophos sisetyenzisiweyo - ukulungiswa kuhlanjululwa ngamanzi, ukuxinwa kwezinto ezinjalo kubangelwa ngu-0.03%, kwaye esinye isiqhamo si-250 grams.