Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kukho ukulala . Ingabonakala njengesiphumo sezifo okanye ibe ngumphumo wezifo zengqondo. Ukubhenela kuncedo lwamachiza alandelayo kunye neziphakamiso ezinikezelwa ngugqirha kwaye kuphela ukuba iindlela ezidumile zingenamandla. Iipilisi zokulala ezikhethiweyo ezingenakulungiswa zingaphazamisa imeko kuphela, ngoko musa ukuzigulisa.
Amaqela okulala amapilisi
Kukho amaqela amaninzi amathuluzi okulala.
Barberies
Iibharbiturates zivela kwi-acid ye-barbituric. Ukusetyenziswa kwabo kuguqula kakhulu isakhiwo sokulala. Iba yinto engathandabuzekiyo, ngelixa isigaba sokulala esiphuthumayo siyancitshiswa. Kuzo zonke i-hypnotics ezihambelana neli qela, uluhlu olulandelayo lukwahlukileyo:
- I-Phenobarbital, isetyenziselwa ukunyuka nokuxhalaba;
- I-chloral hydrate, eyisixhobo esinokubakhomba, esilungele ukuthenga ngaphandle kwemithi, ekwazi ukwenza i-aneshesia ngexesha lokugqithisa;
- Ukulinganisela (Amital, Barbamyl) inefuthe lokunciphisa.
Emva kokuba basebenzise, kukho ukulala, ukunyaniseka, kunye nomlutha. Ekubeni la mayeza aneempawu ezinobungozi ezinobuncwane eziveliswa ngaphandle kwemithi, ziyacetyiswa kuphela ukuba kukho ingxaki enkulu.
I-Benzodiazepine derivatives
Amachiza aleli qela anenani leenzuzo kwi-barbituras. Bathuthunyiswa bhetele ngomzimba, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela isakhiwo sokulala. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yi-hypnotics, amagama abo anikezelwa ngezantsi:
- I-nezatrepam (i-Neozepam, i-Eunotin) ine-anticonbulsant kunye neyokuphucula, inokumiselwa kubantwana kwezinye izigaba zokuhluthwa;
- I-Triazolam iyasebenza ngakumbi kuneNizatrepam;
- I-Flurazepam hydrochloride yanciphisa inani lokuvuswa, kucetyiswa ukungazinzi naluphi na uhlobo, lunokumiselwa kwabagulayo kunye nabantu abadala;
- Flunitrazepam, eliphelisa uxhalaba .
Nangona ukuba i-group hypnotic drug group benzodiazepines iziphumo ezingekho phantsi kwayo, kodwa ulawulo lwazo luyakuchukumisa kakhulu inkqubo ye-nervous. Ngokuyeka ukukhawuleza kwenkqubo yokuthatha amayeza okanye ukunciphisa umthamo, i-withdrawal syndrome ikhula, xa kuthelekiswa neyobisi okanye izidakamizwa. Umntu unxinekile, isicaphulo kunye neentlanzi.
Imali yeGABA
Ukulungiselela okusekelwe kwi-gamma-aminobutyric acid (i-GABA) inefuthe le-nootropic kunye negalelo ekumgangatho wesigaba sokulala okucothayo.
Phakathi kwemali enjalo yabelwe iFenibut. Kuyinto elula ukuyithatha, ngokungafaniyo namaqela amabini ahlolwe, ivumela ukuba kulungele ixesha lokulala nokuhamba kwezigaba zokulala. Ayikho ekukhombiseni umlutha kunye nokuyeka ukuwamkelwa kwayo akuhambisani ne-withdrawal syndrome.
Imijelo
Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweepilisi ezibuthaka ukulala, musa ukuzithemba ngokukhawuleza kunye nokungabikho kwemiphumo emibi kwindlela yokulahlekelwa kwememori, ukugxininiseka kwimiqobo, ukwanda kwengcinezelo nokulala. Emva koko, ukuthatha iipilisi kungeke kwenzeke ukuba ingxaki ebangela ukungabikho (ukuxinezeleka, ukusebenza ngokomzimba, ukugula kwezitho) akusoloko kulungiswa.
Ukwamkelwa kwazo zonke iziyobisi kufuneka kuqeshwe kuphela yingcali, ngakumbi kubantu abadala. Ukulwa nokuphazamiseka kokulala, bavinjelwe ngokungqongqo ukusebenzisa i-barbituls. Iipilisi zokulala ezingenabungozi kubantu asebekhulile yi-NosePam kunye neTemazepam, ekubeni zenza ngokufutshane, kwaye phakathi kwezinto, akukho zinto eziyingozi ezifunyenweyo zomzimba.