Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zophahla zendlu yangasese, eneempawu zazo, iingenelo kunye nokungonakali. Kubalulekile ukuba uqale ucinge ngelo lwakhiwo lonke ukunyamekela ukuqiniswa okuyimfuneko, ukukhutshwa kwamathambo kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ukupheka, unokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo.
Iintlobo zephahla zendlu yangasese
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuyila kwiimarike ezahlukileyo kwiindidi zazo. Xa ukhetha, kuyimfuneko ukugxila kwiiparameters ezilandelayo: uyilo olufunwayo, intengo efanelekileyo, ukuzinza kunye nokungabikho kweengxaki ekukhutsheni isakhiwo. Zonke iintlobo zephahla lezindlu zangasese zifuna ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili ukuba ziqwalasele umthwalo kwiindawo zokuqhafaza kunye nesiseko, kwaye wenze ukubala okuchanekileyo kuyimfuneko yokwakha kunye neendibano zepafu.
Uphahla lwendlu
Isakhiwo sinomthamo owodwa okanye i-ramp ngaphezu kwesakhiwo sonke kwaye phantsi kwayo akunakwenzeka ukuxhobisa indawo yee-attic kwaye unikezele ngokutsha ngokutsha. Inkxaso iindonga ezimbini. Uphahla olulodwa lwezindlu zangasese lunamathuba anjalo:
- Ukuhlanganiswa okulula kunye nokufakela, ukwenzela ukuba umsebenzi ungenziwa ngaphandle kooncedo lweengcali.
- Ngethuba lokusebenza akudingi ukunyamekela okhethekileyo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kunokwenziwa.
- Ngenxa yokungabikho kwezinto ezigxininisiweyo, ukugqoka okuphantsi kuya kugcinwa.
- Ukuphakama olu hlobo lophahla lwendlu yangasese alufunanga utyalo-mali omkhulu.
Uphahla lwegable ekhaya
Olu luyilo luquka iirampu ezimbini ezilinganayo, ezixhaswe ngamacala amabini kwiindonga zokuthwala, kunye nakwamanye amabini, ukukhawuleza kwenziwa kwinqanaba. Ngokungafani nomqhubi omnye, olu khetho lukhangeleka kwaye luncedo. Enkulu indawo yendlu, ububanzi bendawo yokuthambekela kunye nobukhulu beentaba. Ukuqonda ukuphi uphahla olungcono kwikhaya langasese, makhe sijonge kwiingenelelo zembono ezimbini:
- Unokuxhobisa i-attic okanye i-attic.
- Esikhatsini se-attic, ungafaka ifowuni yokufudumala kunye ne-hewa.
- Umhlaba ngokukhawuleza kwaye uphume ngokukhawuleza ikhephu namanzi.
- Ukunyuka kweentlobo zephahla kwikhaya eliqhelekileyo kulula kwaye awudingi ukusebenzisa izisombululo ezizodwa zobugcisa. Ukulungiswa kwakhona kunzima.
Uphahla olunamathele ekhaya
Eli gama liqondwa njengokwakhiwa kunye nemithambeka emine, kwaye ezo ziphelile zinomxholo wesigxathu kunye namacala alinganayo, kwaye ezinye ezimbini zihlobo lwe-trapezium. Iiphakamiso zivaliwe ngumgca, kwaye emacaleni asetshenziselwa izimbambo ezithandwayo-umlenze. Le fomu yophahla lwezindlu zangasese inezinto ezintle:
- Uyilo lucacisiwe, ngoko luyakwazi ukumelana nemimoya yomoya.
- Unokubeka i-overhangs emikhulu, eya kukukhusela ii-facades ukusuka kumvula. Ingqungquthela iyabulala ngokulinganayo.
- Xa ukwakhiwa, ungasebenzisa ii-angles ezahlukeneyo zephahla. Kuvunyelwe ukubeka apho kulala khona.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimingcipheko, ezinjalo iintlobo zephahla zendlu yangasese zinzima ukufaka kunye nokwenza izibalo zokubumba. Ngethuba lokwakha, ngexesha lokufakela, kuya kuba nenkunkuma enkulu yokuphahla. Ukongezelela, iipampu zokugqibela ziyancitshisa indawo yechule. Ukuqwalasela ubukho benani elikhulu lezinto, ubunzima besakhiwo bunyuke kakhulu, ngoko isiseko kufuneka sandile amandla.
Uphahla oluthile lwekhaya
Olu khetho lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimimandla apho kukho inani elincinci lomngcipheko. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto ezinokwethenjelwa ukuze kungabikho ukuvuza, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuququzelela ama-gutters. Kubalulekile ukubeka iliso rhoqo imeko yokuxhoma kunye nokungena kwamanzi. Uhlobo olunjalo lophahla lwezindlu lunamathuba anjalo:
- Iindleko ezincitshiswayo zokuthengwa kwezixhobo zokwakha.
- Inkqubo yokufakela ilula kwaye iqhutywe ngexesha elifutshane.
- Ukulungisa ukulungiswa nokulondolozwa akunzima.
- Kulo uphahla olucwengekileyo ungafaka izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, izixhobo zomoya, iipaneli zelanga kunye nokunye.
- Ukusuka ngasentla unakho ukulungelelanisa i-terrace, indawo yokudlala kunye ne-greenhouse.
Uphahla oluqhekekileyo lwekhaya
Ukuba kukho umnqweno wokusebenzisa indlu yakho kwaye ukhulise isikhala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise uphahla oluphukileyo . Ukuphakama kwegumbi le-attic kungafikelela kuma-220 cm. Uphahla oluphukileyo lwendlu yangasese kufuneka lube nempumelelo. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto eziphathekayo ngobuncinci obuncinane. Yenza olu khetho, ukufudumala nokuvalwa kwamanzi kunzima. Iinjongo eziphambili ziquka ezi zilandelayo:
- ingakhiwa kwisakhiwo esidala;
- ithuba lokusebenzisa i-attic kunye nentlangano ye-attic;
- kunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu.
Inqanaba yendlu kunye ne-attic
Ngaphezulu kwezindlu, ukuba unqwenela, unokwenza elinye igumbi, kwaye i-facade ingafakwa ngokugcwele okanye ngokukodwa ngophahla. Kubalulekile ukuba ubude bepiliti buyi-2.5 m, kwaye akufanele kuthathe ngaphantsi kwe-50% yendawo yegumbi. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zophahla zendlu yangasese enee-attic zinamathuba amaninzi:
- Ubuninzi bokuqikelela kokusebenzisa indawo phantsi kwephahla. Apha ungalungiselela igumbi elongezelelweyo.
- Unokwenza ingaphakathi yangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwee-attic .
- Iyanciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu ophahleni.
Zonke iintlobo zephahla lezindlu zangasese zineziphene, kwaye i-attic ayikho. Kwimeko enkulu le nto ixhalabisa ubunzima belo lendawo. Ukuququzelela igumbi, kufuneka unakekele ukushisa nokungena kwamanzi. Ubomi obukhuselekileyo kufuneka buqinisekiswe. Kubalulekile ukuyila ngokucwangcisekileyo iphrojekthi kwaye ucinge ngomgangatho wokungena umoya.
Iintlobo zokuphahla uphahla lwendlu yangasese
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ngokuphosakeleyo ukuba phantse zonke izinto zokwakha zingasetyenziselwa ukumboza isakhiwo esitsha. Xa ukhetha, kubalulekile ukugxila kwizinto eziliqela eziphambili kwaye oku kusebenza kwintsimi yesicelo. Ukuba isakhiwo asilo esitsha, kubalulekile ukunyamekela amandla esakhiwo kunye neendonga ngokwabo. Ukumboza uphahla lwendlu kufuneka kukhethwe ngokuqwalasela uhlobo lokwakha kunye nokuxhamla, ubunzima, amandla okuphathekayo, ubomi benkonzo, ukuxhatshazwa kwengcinezelo nokubonakala.
Uphahla lwensimbi ekhaya
Olu khetho lufanelekile kwiindawo eziphahleni eziqhelekileyo kunye neentlobo ezihlukeneyo. Ngokuba uphahla lisebenzisa i-zinc, ithusi, i-aluminium, insimbi engenasinxibe njalo njalo. Izinto eziphathekayo zophahla zendlu zinemivuzo emininzi:
- ethembekileyo kwaye ihlala njalo;
- ukungabi nomlilo nokungathobeli;
- ekulungele ukufakela;
- kukhanya kwaye kukhangele;
- Kuya kusebenza ixesha elininzi;
- utshintshe izimo zemozulu ezahlukeneyo;
- iipropati ezingabonakaliyo;
- ububanzi bombala;
- ezifanelekileyo ezicwangcisiweyo.
Uphahla lwesinyithi lunemiqobo:
- ingxolo eyandisiweyo ngexesha lomshushu;
- kubalulekile ukugcinwa kwesondlo;
- kufuneka ufakele iigwegwe;
- Ukunyamekela kufuneka kuthathelwe ukutshitshiswa kwamafutha;
- Xa ufaka izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezininzi izinto zilahlekile.
Ukumboza uphahla lwendlu - ukuguqa okuguquguqukayo
Ukuveliswa kwe-" soft roofing " isetlass green glass usetyenziso kwaye isalathini yebhitumene enezithako isetyenziswe kuwo, ngenxa yokuba ubuso bunamandla kwaye buphikisa ukulimala kombane kunye nemiphumo ye-UV. Umgangatho walolu phapha luxhomekeke kwisixa se-basalt okanye se-shale. Ukukhetha izinto zokwenza uphahla lwendlu yangasese, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iingenelo zenketho nganye kwaye zineenjongo zokuphahla okunjalo:
- Unokuzihombisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zophahla;
- ukufakwa kwephahla kulula kwaye kukhawuleza;
- ukukhutshwa kwamanzi;
- ayikayi ukutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa;
- Izinga eliphezulu lokukhutshwa komsindo;
- ukuxhatshazwa kwengcinezelo;
- uluhlu olubanzi lwembala kunye nemifanekiso;
- ubomi obude.
Olu hlobo lophahla lwendlu yangasese lunobungozi obungenakukunyanzelwa:
- Ukuba isitya esinye sonakalisiwe, kuyakufuneka ukuba utshintshe indawo yonke yophahla, kuba inkqubo yokubambelela kwendalo yenzeke.
- Ukufakelwa akukwazi ukuqhutyelwa kwiqondo elingaphantsi kwezinga, kuba ulungelelwaniso lokunamathela komgca wokubambelela luya kugcinwa.
- Inyanzelekileyo phantsi kwephahla elithambileyo isiseko esiqinileyo seplywood, esinemithombo enganyangekiyo, kwaye ihambelana nendlela, eyandisa izindleko zokwakha.
I-Ruberoid yokuphahla kwendlu
Enye yezixhobo eziphakamileyo zokuphahla, kwaye ukuvelisa kwayo isiseko sekhadibhodi, i-fiberglass, i-polyester nezinye izinto zifakelwe i-bitumen enezithako. Umhlaba unokuba nokufafaza, inani elixhomekeke kwixabiso. Ukuqwalasela umgangatho ophezulu wokupakisha kwendlu, izibonelelo ezikhoyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
- ukufikelela;
- ukungabi namanzi okuthenjelwayo;
- lula ukufakela;
- ubomi obuphezulu benkonzo.
Zonke iintlobo zephahla lwezindlu zangasese zinokungonakali kwaye zinezinto ezilandelayo eziphathekayo zokuphahla:
- kumaqondo aphezulu kakhulu, i-bitumen iyaba yinto epholileyo, kwaye kwiqondo elisezantsi liba brittle;
- izinto eziphantsi kweeplastiki;
- ngokukhawuleza ihlahlo phantsi kwefuthe elinefuthe leemeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo;
- kulula ukutshitshiswa;
- Izinto ezibukhali zingonakaliswa kalula.
Ukumisela ukuphahla kwendlu
Eli nqaku liluhlu oluncinci lwesinyithi, i-aluminium okanye isinyithi esingenasici. Kungekudala, uthanda ukuthandwa kakhulu. Uprofesa ophezu kwendlu unelungelo elinjalo:
- ukuzinza;
- ukuxhathisa ukubola;
- bunzima;
- Ukufakela lula kunye nokulungiswa kokugcinwa;
- ukhuseleko lomlilo;
- xabiso elithengiweyo;
- ngeleko ekhangayo;
- ububanzi bombala;
- nobume bendalo.
Uphahla olunjalo lwezindlu zenkcubeko elilodwa okanye izakhiwo ezininzi zinezibonelelo:
- ingxolo ngexesha lomshushu;
- ukuba ukhuselo olukhuselekileyo lonakaliswe, ukutshabalalisa kunokwenzeka
Iiphaneli zokuphahla kwendlu
Kwamazwe amaninzi, ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zangasese zisebenzisa iCIP ("sandwich"). Zinezakhiwo ezintathu zokubeka, phakathi kwendawo ekhoyo yokufakelwa kwezinto ezitshatyalaliswayo zokushushumbisa, zinyanzeliswe kumacala omabili ngamatye, isinyithi, iplastiki okanye i-magnesite tile. Xa ucinga indlela yokukhetha uphahla lwendlu, kufuneka uziqonde ngeenzuzo ezikhoyo:
- isantya esiphezulu sokufakela;
- ayifuni isiseko esinamandla;
- ukufakwa kungenziwa naliphi na ixesha lonyaka;
- akukho mfuneko yokugqiba imisebenzi;
- ukuchithwa kwamafutha omhle;
- coceko.
Uphahla olunjalo lwezindlu zokhuni okanye esinye isakhiwo sinokungalungi:
- Kubalulekile ukunyamekela ukungabi nomoya;
- kuyimfuneko ukufaka umoya wokunyanzelisa umoya.