Ngaba kaninzi siqwalasela ukuba amaqabunga ethu kumakhukhamba ngokukhawuleza aphendukile, ahlambuluke, aphihliwe aze awele. Kwaye kufuneka uqikelele imbangela yento engathandekiyo ngokufanelekileyo ukuze uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Ngoko, zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zezifo kunye neentsholongwane zamakhukhamba kwaye zithini iindlela zokuzisebenzisa?
Yintoni yokupakisha ukhukhamba kwiintlanzi?
Inkathazo eqhelekileyo yamakhukhamba yi-spider mite. Ukhawuleza ngaphantsi kwamagqabantshe nge web ebomvu, uyasondela kwiqabunga aze atye ijezi. Ukulwa nesicangci, kufuneka uchithe amaqabunga abonakalisiweyo uze uwatshise, kwaye uchithe izityalo ngokwawo ngama-insecticide amaxesha amaninzi ngexesha. Ungasebenzisa iCarbophos, i-Agrovertin, i-Phosbicide, i-Phytoverm njalonjalo.
Enye inkathazo yamakhukhamba yi-melon aphid. Le nambuzane inkulu kakhulu ngobukhulu (2 mm) kwaye inemibala ebomvu yethole. Uhlala phantsi kweengcambu, kunye neentyantyambo kunye namaqanda. Ngomsebenzi walo obalulekileyo kubangela ukuphazamisa nokumisa kwamagqabi kunye nezinye iindawo zezityalo. Kuba umzabalazo kunye nokuthintela kuyimfuneko ukususa ukhula ngexesha kunye nokubandakanya amabhinqa kwi-site okanye kwi-hothouse.
I-whitefly ye-greenhouse iyakwazi ukuhlasela iikomkom. Iyakususa ijusi ephuma kumagqabi, kwaye i-fryus fungi ikhula kwi-sugary excretions iyashiya, ekhokelela ekumeni nasekumiseni kwamagqabi. Iikomkom ezichaphazelekayo mazifefe ngamanzi acocekileyo kunye namaqabunga ahlambulukileyo, aze akhulule umhlaba ngo-2 cm.
Indlela yokuphilisa ukhukhamba kwizifo?
Ukongeza kwiinambuzane, iikomkethi zihlasela izifo ezahlukileyo, kwaye kufuneka nazo zilwe. Eyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo, i-white rot, i-powdery mildew, i-root rot, i-mosaic kunye nommandla womnquma wesiqhamo.
Ukususela kwizifo zamakhukhamba zingasetyenziswa njengezonyango zabantu, kwaye zigqibe ukulungiselela. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ubona amabala kumaqabunga ngesibhakabhaka somlilo- ukubola kwegrey , ngoko uyazi ukuba ukususa kuyo kuya kunceda ukunamathela kwamagqabi kunye nomlotha oqhelekileyo. Ukunkcenkceshwa ngexesha lokunyanga iinkqubo kufuneka kukhutshwe okwethutyana.
Ukubola okumhlophe kuphathwa ngokufafaza nge-lime-pushenka. Kule meko, iindawo eziwonakalisiweyo kufuneka zisuswe, kwaye ukuthintela ukuthintela umswakama ogqithiseleyo, ukunyuka kwama-plantings kunye ne-air vent.
Kusuka kwi-powdery mildew, ukutshiza isisombululo se-Mullein okanye i-colloidal sulfur isetyenziswe. Imimandla echaphazelekayo ingaba yimpuphu nge-ash ash okanye iyisuse ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwengcambu, kufuneka uhlume ukhukhamba kwindawo yomhlaba ongasayi kukhutshwa, ungavumeli ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokushisa kweenguqu.
Umsila oqhelekileyo kumakhukhamba onokuzikhukhumeza kumaqabunga kunye neziqhamo kukubangelwa ukusasazeka kwintsholongwane ngokhula kunye nembewu enesifo. Izityalo ezifunekayo kufuneka zisuswe, kwaye yonke imveliso kufuneka ikhutshelwe i-bleach okanye i-potassium ye-manganese.
Ukuba ummandla womnquma ufunyenwe, kufuneka uyeke ukutyhala iintsuku ezingama-5, uchithe izityalo nge "Oxihom" okanye i-Bordeaux fluid. Ukuthintela, akufanele uvumele ukunyusa okuphezulu, ukuthambisa ngamanzi abandayo kunye neengqapheli.