Iigonti zisandul 'ingxoxo yomshushu kunye nokuphikisana. Abazali bafunda ulwazi olukhoyo kwaye baqhubeke behlushwa ngamathandabuzo. Ukukhetha kunzima ukukwenza ekukhanyeni kwezi zimbini. Eyokuqala yingozi yeso sifo apho kufuneka kugonywe khona ukugonywa. Kwaye okwesibini - iingxaki ezinokwenzeka emva kokugonya.
I-Poliomyelitis yintsholongwane ye-enterovirus nature, ekhokelela ekuvukeleni kweembrane, kwaye ichaphazela ne-neurons imoto kwaye ibangela i-paresis kunye nokukhubazeka. Indlela ephezulu yokulawula isifo kukuthintela, oko kukuthi ukufakwa kwesitofu sokugonya. Oko kukuthi, izitofu zenziwa ukunqanda umntwana ukuba angenelele kwi-polio, leyo, njengabanye bonke, ingabangela iingxaki.
Okwangoku, iindidi ezimbini zegonti zisetyenziswe ngokuchasene nalesi sifo:
- Umlomo wokugonya nge-poliomyelitis (OPV) - ngomlomo olula, amaconsi epholio;
- isitofu sokukhusela i-poliomyelitis (IPV).
I-vaccine engacwangciswanga ayiyingozi, kodwa ingaphantsi komlomo, ongeyona nto efanelekileyo ekuphuhliseni ukukhuselwa komzimba kwindlela yokutya, indawo apho intsholongwane iyanda khona. Kodwa i-vaccine yokuphila i-reactogenic kwaye iphinde isebenzise ukusetyenziswa kwegciwane lokugonywa kwesifo se-polio rhoqo.
Bafumana phi isitofu ngokumelene ne poliomyelitis?
Ugonyo lwe-Oral, obala okanye ococekileyo, onomsoco, ungcwatywe, njengokuba igama libonisa, emlonyeni, okanye ngokuchanekileyo - kwisigxina seelwimi. Ukuba isitofu sokugonya senze ukuhlanza, zama kwakhona. Ngeyure emva kokugonywa, ukutya nokusela akukhuthazwa.
I-OPV iqulethe ubomi, nangona ibuthathaka, ii-virus, ngoko ke kunonqamaniso elandelayo:
- ubukho bokungabi namzimba okanye amatyala oqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo nabantu abanalo;
- iingxaki zesimo sengqondo emva kokugonywa kwangaphambili kwi-poliomyelitis.
Imiphumo emibi evela kwisitofu sokulwa nesifo sepholio xa usebenzisa i-OPV:
- ukungahambi;
- impendulo yasendaweni ebonakalisa njengoluhudo emva kokugonywa kwe-poliomyelitis.
Isigodlo esingagcini silawulwa ngokugqithisileyo okanye nge-intramuscularly. Oku kugonywa kwipolio akuqukethe ii-virus eziphilayo, kodwa kunemibandela yabantwana:
- Ziyingozi kwizinto ezongezelelweyo zokugonya (ziboniswe kwiigciwane zangaphambili);
- ziyingozi kwi-antimicrobial elandelayo: i-neomycin, i-polymyxin B kunye ne-streptomycin.
Imiphumo yokugonywa kwi poliomyelitis:
- Ukusabela kwendawo - ukuvuvukala kunye nokubomvu kwesayithi lokungena;
- ubuthathaka kunye neentlungu eziqhelekileyo;
- kunciphisa ukutya;
- Kwakhona isifo sokugonywa kwesifo se-polio senza ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa komzimba.
Ukugonywa malunga ne poliomyelitis: ishedyuli
Ngokuhambelana nekhalenda yanamhlanje yokugonywa, ukugonya ngomlomo kunikwa umntwana kwiinyanga ezi-3, 4,5 neye-6. Ama-Revaccinations ayenziwa kwiinyanga ezili-18 neye-20, kwaye emva kweminyaka eyi-14.
I-inoculation yaseprayimari yesitofu esingaqeshwanga senziwa kwiimigangatho ezi-2 kunye nexesha elingaphantsi kwe-1, 5 iinyanga. Ngonyaka emva kokugqibela kwe-inoculation, u-revaccination wokuqala uqhutyelwa, kwaye emva kweminyaka emibini-yesibini.
Iyintoni ingozi yokugonywa kwesifo se-polio?
Ingxaki kuphela, kodwa kunokuba yinto enqabileyo yokugonya inokuthi i-poliomyelitis echaphazelekayo yokugonya. Iyakhula kunye nejoyi lokuqala lokugonya, ngokuthe rhoqo - ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Iqela leengozi - abantwana abaneentsholongwane ze-immunodeficiency virus, iintsholongwane zenkqubo yokutya. Kwixesha elizayo, abantu abaye bafumana esi sifo bayagonywa kuphela ngesitofu esingagcini.