I-Botanists kunye nabavelisi baye banomdla wokudibanisa ubuncwane bokutya okunengqolowa nobunzima bebusika kunye nokungazithobeli. Ngenxa yoko, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, i-hybrid yengqolowa kunye ne-rye yayidalwa, isetyenziswe ngexesha lokutsalwa kwezityalo, oko kukuthi, ukunyusa izilwanyana zasekhaya.
Liliphi igama lomxube we-rye kunye nengqolowa?
Iyokuqala eyakhelwe ingqungquthela yengqolowa kunye neerye kwimbali ibizwa ngokuba yi-triticale. Kwavela xa kubandakanywa amagama amabini aseLatin: i-triticum, ithetha iteksi, kunye neyesiqulatho, esichaza i-rye.
Umdali we-triticale ngumzalisi waseJamani uWilhelm Rimpau, owawukhupha ngo-1888. Okwangoku, i-hybrid ayifumanekanga ngokukhawuleza. Ngethuba lokuqala laqala ukukhula kwinqanaba lomveliso ngo-1970 kumazwe aseMntla Melika. Kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva, iinkozo zeengqolowa kunye ne-rye zihlwayelwe e-Ukraine, kwisixeko saseKharkov. Namhlanje i-triticale ihlonywa ngamazwe amaninzi (ubuncinane ubuncinane bathathu), phakathi kweziphi iinkokheli zaseFransi, e-Australia, ePoland naseBelarus.
Izixhobo ze-triticale
I-hybrid yengqolowa ne-rye - triticale-ithatha yonke into efanelekileyo kakhulu yeentlobo zombini kwaye yada yandisa. Iinjongo eziphambili ze-triticale ziquka:
- ukunyuka kwamaqabunga;
- ukunciphisa umnxeba womhlaba ovundileyo;
- ukumelana nefungi kunye nezifo;
- ukwanda kweeprotheni (1-1.5% ephezulu kunokolweni);
- umxholo we-micro-and macronutrients ngqolowa kwinqanaba leengqolowa.
Ngokukodwa i-triticale ikhulile ngenjongo yokutya. Ukwanda kweeprotheni umxholo ulungisa ingxaki yokungabikho kwalesi sakhiwo kwezinye izityalo zokulima. Kwakhona, i-hybrid yongezwa kumgubo xa ubhaka isinkwa sengqolowa (malunga ne-20-50%), kwaye oku kunemiphumo emihle. Isondlo sesonka sisanda, okwangoku sinzima kancinci.