Umhlaza wesikhumba isifo esichaphazela abantu ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngonyaka. Kuza kube namhlanje, ukufa okuvela kumhlaza wesikhumba ku malunga ne-5% yazo zonke i-cancer. Abantu abachaphazelekayo baneminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
Kukho ezimbini iindidi zomhlaza wesikhumba: i-basal cell kunye ne-squamous cell carcinoma yolusu. I-basal cell carcinoma yesikhumba ikhula phantsi kwesikhumba. I-squamous cell carcinoma ingena kwi-strneum corneum-emhlabeni.
Ukuze uqaphele esi sifo kwinqanaba lokuqala, kufuneka ukwazi izizathu ezibalulekileyo kunye neempawu zomhlaza wesikhumba.
Izizathu zengqondo yomhlaza:
- iziphumo ze-carcinogenic (ii-ray-ray, iikhemikhali);
- Uthungelwano (ukubonakaliswa kokutshatyalaliswa kwelanga elide).
Izizathu ezingekho ngqo kunye neemeko ezinqabileyo zibandakanya i-albinism, i-lupus, i-pigmentation excessive, izilonda zamandulo. Umdlavuza wesikhumba unomdla kakhulu kubantu abakhanyayo kunye nabangaboniyo kwaye ikhula ngokuphindaphindiweyo ebusweni, izandla, i-trunk, shins.
Iimpawu zomhlaza wesikhumba
Kwinqanaba lokuqala, iimpawu zomhlaza zesikhumba zingasekho. Esi sifo siziphatha ngokungenakuqikelela - singabonakali iminyaka okanye sifinyelele kwisigaba sokugqibela kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Impawu zokuqala zomhlaza wesikhumba zibukeka ngathi zinamaqhina amancinci ombala obomvu obomvu. Ama-neodules angabonakala ngexesha okanye ngokulandelana. Lezi ziphuzo ziqala ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye zichaphazele iindawo ezikufutshane zesikhumba.
I-basal cell carcinoma yesikhumba ehluke kwi-squamous development cell. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, le fomu yomhlaza wesikhumba ingaba yinto engabonakaliyo, kwinqanaba elizayo, umdlavuza wesikhumba ungathabatha uhlobo lwesilonda okanye u-crust.
Ukuxilongwa kwengqondo yomhlaza
Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wesikhumba kwenziwa kwimeko yeklinikhi. I-tumor ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Xa kukho naluphi na ukungathandabuzeki, uphando olongezelelweyo lwenziwe - uphando lwe-radiosotope. Oogqirha abaninzi basebenzisa indlela yokuhlolwa kwe-cytological yesikhumba esichaphazelekayo kunye ne-biopsy. I-Ultrasound, i-computer diagnostics, i-radiography iyindlela yokuncedisa.
Unyango lomhlaza wesikhumba
Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza wesikhumba kunye nendlela isifo esiqhubeka ngayo, indlela yokonyango ikhethiweyo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuphatha esi sifo zi:
- Ukunyanga kwamayeza. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa kwiziganeko apho i-tumor incinane ngobukhulu. Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation alukhuthazwa ngaphezu kweenyanga enye. Le ndlela inemiphumo emibi - inokungonakalisa indawo ezikhuselekileyo zesikhumba;
- unyango. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kwi-90% yamatyala. Eyona ndlela iphumelele kakhulu kunyango lomhlaza wesikhumba kwi-trunk, iingalo, intamo. Le ndlela iquka ukususa i-tumor kunye nommandla omncinci wesikhumba ejikelezile nge-nitrogen. Ingenelelo lokuphengulula ayinakukhusela ukukhutshwa kweemastastases kunye nokunyuka kwama-lymph nodes;
- unyango lweziyobisi. Njengomgaqo, le ndlela isebenzisa kunye neendlela zokugqirha kunye ne-radiotherapy.
Ukuthintela umdlavuza wesikhumba
Iindlela eziphambili:
- ukukhuselwa kwesikhumba ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ngakumbi ehlobo;
- ugweme ukomisa ngokweqile kwesikhumba;
- Musa ukusebenzisa unyango lwezilonda kunye ne-fistula;
- ukuya kunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa uxhumano kunye neentsimbi kunye nezinto eziqulethe i-carcinogen;
- ngokukhawuleza dibane nodokotela ngokukrokrelwa kwesifo esinqabileyo.
Ngelishwa, akukho ugqirha onokunika isiqinisekiso esingu-100% sokusebenza konyango lomhlaza. Ngako oko, abantu ababethelelwe esi sifo kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo. Ubunokwenzeka bokuvelisa umdlavuza wesikhumba kwandisa i-solarium. Kuphikiswa ngokucacileyo kubantu abaninzi beeklates kunye nebala elifanelekileyo. Ukuthobela lo mgaqo kuya kuvumela amaninzi amantombazana nabasetyhini ukuba baphephe ukuphuhliswa komhlaza wesikhumba ekudala.