I-Spring yonyaka ovuthayo wabalimi, ababethe i-autumn bafuna ukuvuna isivuno esihle. Kukuqala kokushisa apho baqala ukuqhuba iinkqubo eziphambili zokunyamekela umyezo: ukusika izihlahla, ukufafaza , ukuhlanjululwa kwamhlophe kunye ne-inoculation.
Yintoni i-inoculation yemithi?
Ngaphandle kwegama, le fowuni ye-agrotechnical ayihambelani nezifo okanye ugonyo. Kwimiyezo, ukuxhunyelelwa kubhekisela ekutshintsheni komthi omnye wengxenye (izintso, ukusika, ukupompa) komnye ukudibanisa kunye nokuvelisa. Kule meko, umthi ekutyalwe kuwo ubizwa ngokuthi isitokisi, inxalenye engaphantsi komhlaba ibhekisela kuyo, kwaye inxalenye ebandakanyisiweyo yintlupheko apho inxalenye yomthi ongaphezu kwepropati kunye nesiseko sesiqu.
Kwakhona, kukhethwe inkqubo yokugonywa kwakhona, apho i graft iqhotyoshelweyo kwisithsaba. Kule meko, yonke indawo engentla-mhlaba yomthi ephantsi kwe-site yokugonywa ingathunyelwa kwisitokisi.
Njengomthetho, inoculation yamatye kunye nemithi yezithelo iyenziwa entwasahlobo ngezizathu ezilandelayo:
- ukuveliswa kunye nokulondolozwa kweempawu zebakala-kuyimfuneko, ngoko ngokokuba ukuzaliswa kwembewu akunikezi ngolo hlobo;
- Ukuba ufuna ukukhulisa uhlobo oluthile, awukwazi ukuthenga izithombo - ngoko unokwandisa umthi osele ukhona;
- ukuba emva kweminyaka embalwa emva kokuveliswa kwesiqhamo kwimiyezo yegadi, iyaqonda ukuba iziqhamo azihlangabezani nezilindelo, kodwa ukuxotsha umdala kunye nokutshala umthi omtsha unzima kakhulu kwaye uyabiza - kuya kuthatha iminyaka emi-5-6 ukuba umthi omtsha uqale ukuvelisa iziqhamo. Kwaye kunye ne-inoculation yemithi entwasahlobo yentwasahlobo iyakwazi ukufezekiswa emva kweminyaka engama-3-4;
- kungenzeka ukuba ukulungiswa komonakalo kumthi olethwe ngamaqabunga okanye iindubhu, kunye neziphene zendalo zesiqu okanye isithsaba - ukuvumba, ukuhamba komnye;
- ukukwazi ukukhulisa imithi emininzi kwimpahla ephantsi.
Izixhobo ze-inoculation yemithi yasemasimini entwasahlobo
Ukugqithiswa kwemithi yeziqhamo entwasahlobo, iminyaka ayimfuneko, kodwa kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba imithi engaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-10 ifanele igonywe kwaye iphinde igonywe ngokuthe ngcembe - ixesha eli-2-3 leminyaka. Ngokubhekisele kwiziqhamo zamatye, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ixesha labo lobomi lifutshane kakhulu, kuba imithi ingabi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-8-10 ubudala.
Iinqununu okanye amehlo ekufakela ukuvuna ukuvuna ukusuka ekwindla, ukusika amahlumela anyaka, angagcinwa kulo lonke ubusika kwigumbi elimnyama nelipholileyo. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo ukusabalalisa amahlumela, ekhula ngokukhululekile kumasebe angatshitshisiyo ukusuka kwicala lasezantsi.
Isitokhwe kunye negrafti kufuneka zikhethwe kwiintlobo ezinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokukhula okufanayo kwesivuno, ngoko ke iziganeko zokungahambelani ziyancitshiswa. Ngexesha leenkqubo zokugonywa, kufuneka wenze konke ngokukhawuleza - ukuphepha ukufumana isifo kwisitokisi. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuhlambuluka kwezandla kunye nezixhobo zasegadi, kunye nokusika kunye nokunciphisa iimfuno zokubambiswa kunye ne-garden yex for disinfection. Imihlaba yeesetyana kufuneka ibe ngokugqibeleleyo,
Izindlela zokuxhoma imithi yezithelo entwasahlobo
Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokufakelwa kwemithi yasentwasahlobo:
- Ukuxhunyezwa kuqhutyelwa ngoncedo lweentso ezikhulisiweyo. Iinjongo zivunwa ngexesha lokuphumla okupheleleyo komthi - phakathi kwebusika kwaye igcinwe de kube entwasahlobo efrijini. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhafaza: i-T eyenziwe, iifestile, intambo, i-flap double, i-butt;
- i-inoculation nge-cut, eyenziwa kwisicelo, kwi-cleft, emva kwe-cortex.