Le nto yafunyanwa njani?
Ngesihlandlo sokuqala, isazi esingumJamani uShpeman senze uvavanyo olwamkele inkqubo enjalo ukuba ifunyanwe. Kule meko, njengezinto eziphilayo zokuhlola, wasebenzisa i-amphibian embryos. Ukuze ulandele utshintsho kwizinto ezinamandla, usosayensi wasebenzisa iintlobo ezimbini ze-amphibians: i-Triton kunye neTriton. Amaqabunga e-amphibian yokuqala ayamhlophe, ngenxa yokuba ukungabikho kwe-pigment, kwaye okwesibini ine-yellow hue.
Enye yezilingo ezenziwayo zilandelayo. Umphandi uthathe isiqwenga sombungu ukusuka kwingxube yakhe yomlomo we-blastopore, ekhoyo kwi-gastrula isigaba se-triton ye-comb kunye nokuyifakela kwicala le-gastrula ye-newt striptum.
Endaweni apho ukutsalwa kwenziwa khona, ityhubhu yentsholongwane, i-chord kunye nezinye izitho ezixhasayo zezinto eziphilayo ezizayo zenziwa emva kwexesha elifutshane. Kule meko, uphuhliso luya kufinyelela kula ma nqanaba xa kubandakanywa imbumbulu eyongezelelweyo kwi-embrasi apho i-tissue ihanjiswe khona, i E. ummkeli. Ngelo xesha, i-embryo eyongezelelweyo iqulethe ikakhulu yamaseli alamkeliweyo, nangona kunjalo, iiseli zebriyo ezibonisa umbala obala zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukileyo zomzimba wommkeli.
Kamva le nto yayibizwa ngokuba yi-primary incryonic induction.
Yintoni ebaluleke kakhulu ekufakweni kwe-embryonic?
Ukususela kumava angentla, izigqibo ezininzi zingathathwa.
Ngoko okokuqala kukukhathalela ukuba isayithi esathathwa kwi-lipor ye-blastopore inakho ukubuyisela ukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezifumaneka ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amagama, ngamanye amagama, iyanceda, njengokuba kunjalo. uququzelele ukuphuhliswa kwebriyo zombini kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo nakwiindawo ezihlala kuyo.
Okwesibini, zombini iingcambu zengxowankulu kunye neengcambu ze-gastrola zinokuba nobubanzi obubanzi, obubonisa ukuba kunokuba umgangatho oqhelekileyo womzimba, phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo, i-embrase epheleleyo, yesibini ivela.
Okwesithathu, ukubunjwa ngokusemthethweni kwezitho ezisandul 'ukuza kwisayithi sokutshintshwa kwakhona kubonisa ukuba khona kolawulo lwama-embryonic. Le nto ifumaneka ngenxa yengqibelelo yomzimba.
Ziziphi iintlobo zokufakelwa kwe-embryonic?
Emuva kwi-30 ye-20 leminyaka, abaphandi baqhuba iimvavanyo ezavumela ukucacisa uhlobo lwesenzo sokunciphisa. Ngenxa yoko, kwafunyanwa ukuba imichiza yamakhemikhali efana neeprotheni, i-steroids, i-nucleoproteins, iyakwazi ukunyusa induction. Yile ndlela uhlobo lomkhiqizo lwabaququzeleli lwenkqubo yokuqulunqwa lwenziwa.
Ukongeza kwinyaniso yokuba abaququzeleli beenkqubo baqulunqwe, kwinto yokuba inkqubo ngokwayo inokuba neentlobo ezithile.
Ngaloo ndlela, kunokugqitywa ukuba into eyenziwa ngokuqulunqwa kwamabrionic inokuqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye yeembumba ziza kubakho ukuzibandakanya. Ngamanye amagama, ukufaka isiqwenga sesinye kwisinye embindi, ngokwenza oko kunokwenzeka ukuba awufumane kuphela inxalenye okanye ilungu elithile, kodwa nayo yonke imvelo, ayifani neyamukeli. Yingakho into efana ne-embryonic induction kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu kwiyeza.