Ukwenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuqhaqha gama kubalulekile ukuba unedhetize indawo eyonakalisiweyo. Kwiindlela zonyango, i-anesthesia yokuqhuba isetyenzisiweyo, njengendlela yokuthintela ukuhanjiswa kweempembelelo zeentsholongwane ixesha elifutshane.
Iindlela zokwenza i-aneshesia ekusebenzeni kwamazinyo
Indlela echazwe ngayo isetyenziselwa i-anesthesia yomhlathi womgangatho ophezulu nangaphantsi.
Kwimeko yokuqala, kukho iintlobo ze-aneshesia:
- Infraorbital. Iyeza lijojowe kummandla we-infraambital foramen.
- Isibilini. Injola yenziwa kwindawo yomhlathi. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le nkqubo ithatyathwa njengeyona yingozi kakhulu, kuba ihlala ibangela iingxaki.
Ukuqhuba i-anesthesia kumhlathi osezantsi kwenzeka:
- Apodactyl. Inaliti ifakwe kwisalathwane kufuphi nomda omkhulu omkhulu.
- Intraoral. Ngaphambili, indawo yokujova isilwe ngeminwe.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iteknoloji ichazwe isetyenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi emlanjeni, nakwi-contracture.
Ukuqhuba i-anesthesia yesilungu esingaphezulu
Ukuhlinzwa okuza kuvela kwingalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-injection ye-anesthetic kusekelwe kwiindlela eziliqela zokukhusela i-plexus ye-brachial ngeendlela ezilandelayo zokufikelela:
- i-supraclavicular;
- axillary;
- nziswano;
- i-clavicular ephantsi.
Kukho indlela yokukhusela ama-nervo.
Xa utyhola ngaphantsi kweelbow, umqhubi we-anesthesia uyadingeka kwisandla. Ivumela ukuba i-anesthetize i-median, i-radial ne-ulnar nererve. Ingongoma yokufakelwa kwenaliti iphakathi kwendawo yokubamba i-wrist. Amachiza anikezela ukukhutshwa kwexesha elide lokusasazwa kwemizwa yesibindi, ngoko ke indlela ephakanyisiweyo isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwiminwe.
I-anesthetics esebenzayo ye-anesthesia yokuqhuba:
- Trimecaine;
- Novocain;
- Ultracaine;
- Bupivacaine;
- Lidocaine.
Ukuphucula impembelelo yeziyobisi, kunye nokongeza ii-injections zezakhiwo ezichasayo nezivukisayo, i-adrenaline, i-opioid kunye ne-hormone ye-steroid zongezwa kwisisombululo.
Ukuqhuba i-anesthesia yesigxina esisezantsi
Ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko yokulimala kwinyawo, ukuvalwa kweempawu ezinjalo kubonakala:
- ku thintela;
- tibial;
- kwi-peroneal;
- kwezemveli;
- i-latal;
- umgca wangaphandle wecaleni;
- sciatic.
Ngaphambi kwejoyi, indawo ekhoyo yentsholongwane ifunwa ngoncedo lwe-ultrasound okanye i-neurostimulator. Kubalulekile ukuhlalutya indawo efunekayo ixesha elaneleyo. Ukongezelela, ukucaciswa kwendawo yokuzikhethela kukuvumela ukuphepha kwimiphumo eyahlukeneyo evela kwilenki.
Iingxaki ze-aneshesia
Imiphumo emibi kaninzi ihambelana nomngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kweempembelelo zomntu ngamnye kwiyeza. Ukongezelela, kunokukho iingxaki ezinjalo:
- umonakalo kwimisipha okanye emithanjeni yegazi ecaleni kwayo;
- ukuxinwa kunye nentlungu ebuhlungu emlenzeni, eqhubeka ixesha elide emva kwe-anesthesia kunye nokuhlinzwa;
- uvakalelo lwentlanzi "i-goosebumps";
- ukungasebenzi kwentsholongwane eyenziwe ngayo (i-neuropathy);
- ukuqubuka kwe-lymphatic flow (thoracic);
- utywala ;
- pneumothorax;
- ukusuleleka kwendawo apho isilenze senziwe khona.
Ngamanye amaxesha izimpendulo zenkqubo zikhula, zibonakaliswe ngendlela yokuzondla, i-cardiac arrhythmia, ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo kunye nobuthathaka kuwo wonke umzimba. Azinqabile kwaye zibangelwa yijoza engalunganga ye-anesthetic (ngaphakathi kwinqanawa yegazi).
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iingxaki azikho ngokuphindaphindiweyo kune-1% yazo zonke iimeko ze-anesthesia.