Ukunyuka kokuqala komntwana kubomvu kubonakala kusasa kakhulu - banokubonwa kwi-ultrasound ukususela kwiminyaka engama-7, kunye kunye nentliziyo ebonisa ukuba umntwana uyaphila kwaye ukhula. Kwaye kwiiveki ezili-12 awukwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo ukunyakaza, kodwa amaqhina omntwana ozayo kunye nokuba i-fetus esebenzayo-naziphi na ukuphulwa kokukhulelwa kuya kubangela ukuba kuncitshiswe okanye kuqhutywe imoto.
Umntwana uqala nini ukuhamba?
Kodwa le ntokazi ayiyi kuvakalelwa okokuqala ngethuba le-fetus (kungekudala kwiiveki ezingama-18 ukuya kwe-20) kwaye nangona kubonakala ngathi uyayiva umntwana ehamba kwindawo ethile kwiiveki eziyi-10-12, oko akunjalo. Uninzi olunokwenzeka ukuhamba kweli xesha, ungathatha ukwanda kwamathumbu emathunjini.
Ukunyakaza kwe-Fetal ngexesha lokuqala nokukhulelwa okulandelayo
Ukuba ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuqala, ngoko kufuneka aziva eqala ukuququzelelwa kwe-fetus kwiveki ye-20. Kodwa ngesibini nokukhulelwa okulandelayo oku kunokwenzeka ngeveki ezimbini ngaphambili - ngeveki 18. Kodwa lo mntu uqobo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo umfazi unokuziva ukuhamba komntwana kakhulu ngaphambili okanye emva koko - ukususela kwiiveki ezili-14 ukuya kwiiveki ezingama-25.
Kodwa, ukuba kukho iiveki ezingama-21 ukuya kwe-23, kwaye loo ntokazi ayifuni ukuvuthwa kwe-fetus, okanye ngakumbi - ayiyiva ihambo emva kweveki yama-25, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukutyelela ugqirha: ukuphulaphula, nokuba intliziyo iyinto evamile. Kwaye, ukuba kunyanzelekile, ukuqhuba i-ultrasound eyongezelelweyo ukufumana indlela umntwana akhula ngayo kwaye agcine umsebenzi wayo.
Kuxhomekeka ntoni xa ukuhamba kokuqala komntwana kubonakala ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Ekukhulelweni kokuqala ububele besisu buphantsi kweyesibini, kwaye loo ntokazi ibona ukunyuka komntwana kamva - umahluko oqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezi-1-2. Ukunyuka kokuqala komntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa kubonakala sele bevela kwiiveki eziyi-14, kodwa akusoloko kunqwenela ukuba umama unokwethenjelwa kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo uthatha umsebenzi wengqondo rhoqo.
Kodwa ngeveki ezingama-18 ukuya kumashumi amabini ama-20 le ntombi iqala ukuhlula xa umntwana ehamba. Ukubonakala kokuqala kokuphazamiseka kuxhomekeke kwisisindo nesithuba somntwana kwisibeleko, umthamo we-amniotic fluid, ubukhulu bamanqatha angaphantsi komama, kunye novelwano lwenkqubo yakhe yemisipha. Nangona ixesha lomzimba nokuzilolonga umzimba lithintela - ngokuphumla, ngobusuku umntwana uhamba ngokunyanisekileyo.
Emva kweveki ezingama-25 zokuvuselela, ibhinqa lifanele live liyanyanzelekile, lihlale lilandelelanise imihla ngemihla, kunye neiveki ezingama-28 ngeyure, libale ukuya kwi-10 ukuhamba ngexesha lovavanyo lwama-fetus. Ukuba kukho ukunyakaza okungaphezu kwe-15 okanye kungabikho ngexesha lemini, kufuneka uqhagamshelane nogqirha-hypoxia yomntwana okanye ekufeni kwangaphakathi.
Unokumisela njani umhla wokuzalwa ngowokuqala komntwana?
Kukho inkolelo yokuba xa umhla wokuba umfazi okhulelweyo evezwe intshukumo yokuqala ye-fetus, faka iiveki ezingama-20, ngoko unokufumana umhla ozalwa ngawo. Kodwa ngokwenene ukugqiba umhla wokuzalwa ngokokuqala kokuphazamiseka kuyindlela engathandabuzekiyo. Nangona ukukhulelwa kungowokuqala, kwaye ukuhamba kwentombazana kwakuthathwa kakuhle kwiveki yama-20 yokukhulelwa, kwaye i-ultrasound yaqinisekisa.
Ngexesha lokuzalwa lichaphazela ezininzi izinto ezifana noku:
- imvelaphi ye-hormonal yowesifazane okhulelweyo ngosuku lokuzalwa;
- ngesondo lomntwana ongakazalwa;
- isimo sengqondo somama;
- Izifo ezihambelana nezifo zowesifazane okhulelweyo;
- i-gestosis kwi-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa.
Kwaye ukuba ukuhamba kwentombazana kwakuvelelwe ngaphambili okanye emva kwexesha eliqhelekileyo, kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo wacinga ukuba bekuyi-20 okanye iiveki ezingama-18, umhla wokuzalwa ungaba kude kakhulu neyona nyaniso. Kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela endala yokumisela umhla wokuzalwa ngomhla wokugqibela ngenyanga okanye nge-ultrasound. Kodwa nayiphi na indlela yokumisela umhla wokuzalwa okunokwenzeka ayiniki iziphumo zekhulu leepesenti, kwaye xa umntwana ezalwayo kuhlala kusamangalisa abazali abazayo.