Utshintsho lwezilwanyana kwiindonga zeemithana yegazi, ukungaqhathaniswa nokunciphisa i-stroke. Ukunyuka kwegazi kwindawo yengqondo yingozi kakhulu, ukufa emva kokuba ngaphezulu kwama-40% enani lamatyala. Ngako oko, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuphazamiseka komzimba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufuna uncedo.
Iimbangela zesifo se-cerebral hemorrhage
Into eqhelekileyo ebangela ukuba ukukhulelwa kwemithambo yegazi kuhlaselwe isifo esixinzelelekileyo kunye neengxaki zengxakatho. Kwezinye iimeko, ezi zinto zilandelayo zibangelwa ukuphazamiseka:
- i-atherosclerosis;
- utshintsho kwisakhiwo semithambo yegazi kwingqondo ngenxa yeenkqubo zokuvuvukala;
- yegazi;
- beriberi;
- utywala;
- ischemia yentliziyo;
- nomhlaza wengqondo;
- umonakalo otyunjelwayo kwikrele;
- diathesis;
- encephalitis;
- aneurysm yeesetyhula;
- isifo sikashukela;
- umonakalo we-amyloid wemithambo yegazi.
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, akunakwenzeka ukuseka isizathu esona.
Iimpawu zokuqhekeza ingqondo
Umfanekiso weklinikhi wemeko echaphazelekayo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezinjengobungakanani bemonakalo yesikhumba, isebe apho iinqanawa zaphuka khona, izinga apho amanzi angena khona.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokuqhekeza isisu ebuchosheni:
- ukudandatheka kwengqondo;
- enzima nentloko enzima;
- zixhala;
- ukuhlanza.
Ukuba isifo esibuhlungu sichaphazele i-cerebellum, ezi zimpawu zilandelayo:
- ukunyanzeliswa kwentloko kwinqanaba;
- miosis;
- ukuphulwa kwesigqi sokuphefumla;
- ukuphulwa kolawulo lokuhamba (ataxia);
- ukungcola;
- ukwanda kwentlungu kwi-nape entanyeni.
Xa umbandela omhlophe kunye nomhlophe umchopho ubonakaliswe, kuphawulwe:
- asteroognosis;
- ukuxhatshazwa;
- itysile yehla yehla;
- anosognosia;
- hemiplegia;
- ukwandiswa kwenkqubo ye-nervous;
- ukungonakaliswa kokuqhelaniswa kwendawo;
- imigibe yokugula;
- abulia.
Xa ukubola kwegazi kwenzeka kwiindawo ezinzulu zelungu, kukho iklinikhi enjalo:
- bradycardia ;
- ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo;
- hyperthermia;
- akukho mpendulo ye-pupillary ekukhanyeni;
- uxinzelelo nge-hemodynamic;
- ukuphefumula;
- ukuhlanza;
- ukuphela kweengcamango;
- hemiplegia.
Ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo kwiingqondo kubangela ukuba i-coma, ngokuqhelekileyo inzulu, apho kunzima ukuyihoxisa isigulane. Emva kwenkathazo enjalo, umngcipheko wesiphumo esibulalayo uyanda (ngo-30-35%).
Imiphumo yesifo esibuhlungu okanye isifo se-cerebral hemorrhage
Iyona yingozi kakhulu iinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala emva kokuhlaselwa, ngakumbi ukuba ixhoba lawela kwi-coma. Okude kusemgangathweni kwimeko, iimeko ezibi kakhulu ziyizi:
- ukukhubazeka kwezihlunu zobuso kunye nolwimi;
- ukulahleka kobuzwe obunzima ngamalungu okanye isigamu somzimba;
- ingxaki yokuthetha;
- kuncipha kakhulu kwizinto ezibonakalayo;
- ukuphulwa kwe-psyche.
Ukongezelela, ezinye iinyanga ezili-12 emva kokuphazamiseka komzimba, ukutshabalalisa kwakhona kunokwenzeka, oku kunokunyusa imeko okanye kwandisa umngcipheko wokufa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngethuba lokuvuselela (iinyanga ezingama-24-36), iimiphumo ezimbi zingabonakala, ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwemisipha kunye nobuzwe.
Unyango lwe-cerebral hemorrhage
Ulwaphulo luquka izigaba eziliqela:
- Ukuqhelaniswa kweengcinezelo zegazi ngokusebenzisa i-hypotensive kunye nezidakamizwa zokunyanga.
- Ukupheliswa kweentlungu zesifo kunye nama-analgesics, izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal ezichasayo.
- Ukuthintela ukuvuvukala (dexamethasone, osmotic diuretics).
- Ukuqiniswa kwodonga lwe-vascular, ukunyaniseka kwama-capillari ngokusebenzisa i-hemostatics.
- Ukubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi yengqondo usebenzisa i-nootropics.
Emva kokumiselwa kwemeko yesigulane, ukuvuselelwa, ukugcinwa kolawulo lomsebenzi nokuphumla, ukulungiswa kokutya kukubaluleke kakhulu.
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukungenelela kwe-neurosurgical kunqunywe ukuphelisa i-fox yegazi, i-hematoma.