Ibakala elibalulekileyo lezityalo ezikhulayo kukunyamekela imbewu yepilisi emva kokuhluma. Unokwenza ngokuchanekileyo ukhethe kwaye uyisebenze imbewu, kodwa ukuba wenza amaphutha ngokuchelela, ukukhanyisa okanye ukufudumala kwemoya, kukho umngcipheko wokukhawuleza ukutshabalalisa iintlobo ezincinane zentlalo oyithandayo.
Unokunyamekela njani imbewu yepilisi emva kokuhluma?
Nangona kwinqanaba lokulungiselela imbewu, umlimi wemifuno kufuneka anqume indlela aza kukhulisa ngayo izityalo. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokufumana izithombo - ukuhlwayelwa kwezimbiza (iikomityi) okanye kwiibhokisi eziqhelekileyo. Ukunyamekela imbewu yepilisi kwimeko yesibini kudinga ukukhethwa kwamagunya, ngaphandle koko amahlumela aya kuqala ukuphazamiseka zizifo kunye nokulula, baya kubandezeleka ngenxa yokungabikho kwezixhobo ezincedo,
Yintoni echaphazela ukukhula okufanelekileyo kwezimbewu zepilisi:
- lawulo lweqondo lokushisa;
- ukukhanya kokukhanya;
- ukubunjwa kwesondlo sesondlo;
- ubungakanani bebheyi okanye indebe;
- ubukhulu kunye nomgangatho wokunkcenkceshela;
- zokugqoka;
- umgangatho wokusebenza kokukhetha.
Indlela yokuhambisa iipilisi ezinciniweyo ekhaya?
Ukucetyiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwenzalo yepilisi emva kokuhluma kuqukumbela ngokukhawuleza, ukomiswa kwe-substrate nokuba iifutshane ngelixa iifestile zithenda zibuhlungu kakhulu. Kodwa ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo komhlaba kungathandeki, ukuxhamla kwamanzi kuholele kwisitshixo esimnyama nokufa kwenkqubo yeengcambu. Izityalo azidli iziselo ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvela, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ukwanda kwevolumu. Kule meko indima idlalwe bubungakanani bhokisi, ukubunjwa komhlaba kunye nobuninzi bokutyala. Kucebise ukuba utyilise imbewu yepilisi ekhaya uze wenze amanzi ancibilikiweyo kwaye ahlanjululwe.
Izindlela ezilula zokujonga umthunzi womhlaba:
- Siphumela ebhokisini encinci yomhlaba kwaye senza ihlunu ezandleni, ngesantya esiqhelekileyo sobumswakama, asihluli.
- Ngamaqabunga amancinci, senza ukujulisa emhlabathini kwaye siwususe, ukuba isalathisi se-wand wumanzi, ngoko kusasa kakhulu ukuza kuwa manzi amabhokisi.
Ukukhula kakubi kwembewu zepilisi, yintoni oyenzayo?
Uninzi lwabalimi bezolimo beqala ukufunda iimfihlelo zokukhula kweentlobo zeepilisi kumava abo, ngokuqhelekileyo benza iimpazamo ezidakisayo. Kucetyiswa ukuba kuhlwayelwe ukufundela iingcebiso kubantu abanolwazi, ukufunda iindawo ezizodwa zokukhula kwenkcubeko, iteknoloji yokulima kwayo. Kukho uluhlu lwezona zinto ezibangela ukuba izifo kunye nokufa kwezityalo ezibuthathaka.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokukhula kakubi kwembewu yepilisi:
- Ukungabikho kokukhanya.
- Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqha kunye nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa ngokukhawuleza kwigumbi.
- Izikrini kwifestile.
- Ukunisela okungekho.
- Ukutshala izithombo kunye nezichumisi zeemineral ngokuphula imithetho.
- Ubunjani bomhlaba.
Indlela yokuquba izithombo zeetamatati kunye nepelepele?
Akukhuthazwa ukuba uqalise izichumiso kwisigaba sokuqala sokukhula. Ukuba umhlaba ngaphambi kokuhlwayela ukulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko ke amaminerali kuwo akwanele ukuphuhliswa okuqhelekileyo kwezihluma. Ukuqumba kokuqala kwezimbewu zepilisi zenziwe emva kweentsuku ezili-14 emva kokucoca. Isicelo esilandelayo sesondlo senziwa emva kweveki ezimbini. Unokunyamekela imbewu yepilisi ngoncedo lwezityalo ezicwangcisiweyo. I-sodium humate efanelekileyo, amalungiselelo athi "Krepysh", "Ideal", "Agricola", "Rostorin" kunye nezofana nazo, ezijoliswe kwiinkcubeko ze-solanaceous.
Ungakhetha njani ipepper kwizithombo?
Ukunyamekela izithombo zepilisi emva kokuba amahlumela akwenzeki ukuba angabikho ngaphandle. Lo msebenzi uquka ukutshala izityalo zethu ezincinci kwisitya esiqhelekileyo kwiinqwelo ezihlukeneyo. Le nkqubo inqweneleka ukuvelisa ngokubonakala kwimiqabana emibili yamandla enamandla kunye nokuqina kwe-stem ukuya kwi-0.5 cm ngaphantsi kwezinga langaphambili. Ukuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo imifuno yeepilisi kukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kweengcambu zangasese kwaye kunceda ukubonelela ngesityalo esincinci ngeemeko ezikhulayo.
Iipuni zezityalo zepilisi:
- Sithenga iiplastiki okanye iipatyi zeepups of volume required.
- Siyilungisa umxube womhlaba kwaye siyiphilise ngokusisombululo se-manganese.
- Sigcwalisa iiglasi kunye nomhlaba.
- Kwiiyure eziyi-1-2 ngehora lokukhethwa, siwahambisa iibhokisi ngeencotyi.
- Ukusebenzisa i-spatula, sihlula umsila kwi-mass mass kwaye siyithumela kwiglasi.
- Sizame ukulimaza izityalo ezincinci zezityalo.
- Beka pepper emgodini ngesincinci sesentimitha.
- Ekuhlaleni kokuqala silondoloza imbewu.
- Umhlaba kwiglasi xa sitshitshisa sithela kwizinga elifunekayo.
Izifo zeentlobo zepilisi
Zonke izifo zezihluma zepilisi zinokwahlula zibe zimbini iintlobo-ezithathelwanayo kwaye ezingenasifo. Izifo ezichaphazelekayo zifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo kwaye zidibene nokusuleleka ngentsholongwane, ii-virus okanye ibhaktheriya. Ukunyamekelwa kwepilisi yepilisi emva kokuvela xa iimpawu zomonakalo ezinobungozi ezinobungozi zibonakalisa ukumiswa komhlaba, ukulungiswa kolawulo lokushisa. Umhlaba ungaphathwa nge-fungicides okanye kwi-biofungicides ("Fitosporin"). Amagqabi aPepper ahlanjululwa nge- Bordeaux liquid okanye enye i-agent agent.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zepilisi:
- Umlenze omnyama.
- Ukugqitywa kwezityalo - kubangelwa yi-fungus fusarium okanye i-sclerocinia.
- Mnyama.
- Ixesha elibi.
- Ukubola okumhlophe.
- Grey kubola.
- Izifo ezifayo.
Kutheni i-pepper seedling ifa emva kokuba ihlume?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, izimbangela zokufa kweepelisi zezityalo zihlanganiswa ukutyiliswa okungapheliyo, ukuphulwa kweemeko zokushisa okanye ukukhanya okubi. Ukugqitha okanye ukungabikho kwamaminerali athile kunokukhokelela ekukhuseleni ukukhula kunye nokugqithisa ngokukhawuleza kobunzima obuhlaza. Uninzi lwezifo ezibangelwa zizifungulu, iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya zirekhodwa kunye nezinto zokutyala kunye nomhlaba. Kumele uhlaziye iinjongo kunye nomhlaba kwisigaba sokulungiselela ukutyala.
Umlenze omnyama we-pepper seedling, ndimele ndenze ntoni?
Isizathu sale ngxaki ngumhlaba osulelekileyo. Umlenze omnyama weentlobo zepilisi usasazeka ngokukhawuleza xa kunomhlaba ogqithisayo kunye nokunyuka kweqondo lokutya. Esi sifo sinokumiselwa yimpawu eziphambili - ukucoca kunye nokumnyama kwesigxina, isithintelo sibonakala kwindawo echaphazelekayo, leyo leyo ikhokelela ngokukhawuleza kwi-curvature yehluma kunye nokufakwa kwayo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba isityalo sonakaliswe ngaphambi kokuba ukutsalwa kutyalwe kwintsimi, i-pepper ayifi, kodwa ikhula kakuhle kwaye ivelise ukuvunwa okubi.
Amanyathelo okulwa nomdlalo omnyama:
- Ungavumeli ukuba i-pepper ibanjwe emva kokuhluma okuphezulu.
- Gwema izityalo ezininzi.
- Ukunyanzeliswa okungafanelekanga kwe-substrate.
- Ukukhulula umhlaba.
- Igumbi lokufudumala kunye nezityalo.
- Ukucoca komhlaba ngomthi womthi okanye isanti yomlambo owomileyo.
- Ukususwa ngokukhawuleza kwezilwanyana ezigulayo zebhokisi.
- Unyango lomhlaba ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate okanye i-fungicide.
Imbewu yePepper yoluliwe, yintoni endiyenzayo?
Izizathu eziphambili zeli ngxaki - ukufakela ibhokisi kunye neenhlamba kwindawo engumnyama ngaphandle kokukhanyisa okubonakalayo. Ukuphucula imeko yezityalo ezininzi, ukuthambisa rhoqo, ukushisa okuphezulu kwendawo, ukuguquka ngokukhetha. Ukuba isithombo sepilisi solule, kufuneka uthumele izitya kwifenitri yokukhanya okanye ukufakela izibane ngokukhawuleza. Ukunkcenkceshela kufanele kube ncinane, ukushisa kuncitshiswe ekukhanyeni kukhanya kwi-25 ° C, kwaye kwimeko yezulu enezulu-ukuya kwi-18 ° C. Xa kubonakala iqela lamacembe awona, senza ngokukhawuleza ukukhethwa ngokungena kwesitshixo.
Kutheni i-pepper isela?
Izimbangela ezibalulekileyo zokufa kwezityalo zidibene neempembelelo eziphambili ezenziwe ekunyamekeleni imbewu yepilisi xa kulungiswa umhlaba kunye nembewu yokutshala okanye kwizigaba ezikhulayo emva kokungeniswa. Ngokomzekelo, iindleko ze-nitrogen fertilizer zomhlaba zikhokelela ekutyebeni ngokugqithiseleyo kwesiqu kunye nokufakwa kwayo. Izihluma zePepper zivame ukuwela kwizityalo zakuqala xa kukho ukungabikho kokukhanya kwelanga. Ukuba awufakeli ngokukhawuleza izibani zokukhanyisa, ngoko ke ezininzi zezityalo ziya kwandula, zigule kwaye zinyamalale.
Ukunyuka kwamahlumela kwenzeka, njengokuba kuninzi okunisela, okuvusa umlenze omnyama nokubola, kunye nendawo egumbini elomileyo. Zama ukugcina umswakama eklasini kunye nezityalo kwizinga lama-60-65%. Kwinqanaba lokukhupha imbewu, kuyimfuneko ukugcina ukushisa okuphezulu, kodwa emva kokukhula kwinkathalo kunqweneleka ukunciphisa ukufunda ngokukhululekile kwe-23-25 ° C. Ukuhla kwehla lokushisa ukuya kwi-12 ° C okanye ukuthambisa ngamanzi abandayo kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okupheleleyo kwezimbewu.