Ukuhlasela Kwintliziyo - Izibonakaliso, Izibonakaliso Zokuqala kunye noNcedo lokuQala

I-Myocardial infarction kwipilisi iphathwa njengobungozi obubucayi bokunikezelwa kwegazi kwingxenye enye yentliziyo. Le yimeko enzima kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu wesiphumo esibi, esona sikhulu kakhulu kwiiyure ezimbini zokuqala emva kokuhlaselwa kwaye kuncitshiswa emva kwamanyathelo okuhlaziya. Ngako oko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi indlela ukuhlasela kwentliziyo kubonakalisa ngayo, iimpawu, iimpawu zokuqala zokugula.

Kutheni i-myocardial infarction ivela?

I-cardiac muscle - myocardium - idinga ukuqhutshwa kwe-oksijeni eqhubekayo ukudala rhoqo ukuphambana nokugcina ukuhamba kwegazi kuwo wonke umzimba. Ukunikezelwa kwe-muscle layer kunye negazi kwenzeka ngeendleko zeeronari, ezihamba kude kwi-aorta, isebe kwaye zithunyelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zenhliziyo. Kubalulekile yinkqubo ekhethekileyo yeenqanawa ezidlulileyo, eziseburhulumenteni kwaye zilungele ukungena kwisiganeko senhliziyo, xa iinqanawa ezinkulu ziphela.

Ngokupheliswa kwegazi ukuhamba kwintliziyo ye-muscle, iinkqubo ze-pathological zibangelwa ngexesha elifutshane kunye nezicubu zifa ngokujoliswe kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenza komzimba kunzima kakhulu, ummandla we-necrosis ungena endaweni yesikhokelo kunye ne-scarc form formation, enokukhubazeka. Ukuba kukho ukuhlaselwa intliziyo, iimpawu, iimpawu zokuqala ezibonwayo kwaye zinikezelwa ngoncedo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ithuba elikhulu lokuthintela i-necrosis, unyango ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi.

Izizathu eziphambili ze-infyoction ye-myocardial ziye zafundwa kakuhle, kubandakanywa nemiba emingcipheko, ezinye zazo ezingenakukhutshwa ngaphandle, kanti ezinye zixhomekeke kwisigqibo sethu. Ukupheliswa kwegazi kwi-myocardium kuya kwenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezibini ezihamba phambili:

• utshintsho lwe-atherosclerotic kwiingxube ze-coronary kunye nokuphuhliswa kwe-stenosis - kule meko, ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo yindlela yokwenyanisa isifo senhliziyo ;
• utshintsho olungenalo i-atherosclerotic kwiimpawu zentliziyo ye-coronary (spasm, embolism, vasculitis, ukwanda kwegazi coagulability, njl.) - ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo njengengxaki ye-syndrome yezinye izifo.

Iimeko ezilandelayo zixhasa imvelaphi engavumelekanga yokuphuhlisa i-necrosis kwi-myocardium:

• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ;
• isifo sikashukela;
• ukunyanya;
• ubukho be-cholesterol enkulu egazini;
• ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala nokutshaya;
• ukuvelela rhoqo kwixinzelelo;
• ukungabi nako ukuhamba okanye ukwenza umsebenzi omzimba;
• Inani elaneleyo lokukhupha igazi.

I-Myocardial infarction - iimpawu

Kula mabhinqa, i-infarction kwiimeko ezininzi zenzeka kwisigaba se-post-menopausal, ngenxa yokuba ngaphambi kokuba le ntsebenzo yokukhusela iveliswe amahomoni, i-estrogens elawula izinga le-cholesterol kwaye ikhuthaze ukwandiswa kwemithambo yegazi. Ngaphambi kokuphuhliswa kwesimo esinqabileyo sithatha ixesha elininzi, ngexesha elide libhalwa i-angina, ezinye iingxaki ngentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi. Kodwa nangamanye ngamanye amaxesha ayinciphisi isimo sengqondo esingenakuziphendulela kwimpilo yomntu, iimpawu ze-infarction kwinqanaba lokuqala likhanyelwa, kwaye ixesha elixabisekileyo lokusindiswa lilahlekile.

Iimpawu zokuqala kwangaphambili

Inkambo ye-infarction ihlukaniswe ngamaxesha amaninzi, owokuqala okuyi-pre-infarction - ukunyuka kokuhamba kwesiganeko segazi kwisifo senhliziyo. Ihlala embalwa imizuzu ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ukwazi ukuqonda ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, iimpawu kweli nqanaba, unokugcina impilo yakho. Izimpawu eziphazamisayo phambi kokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo:

• i-syndrome yeentlungu, enokude ngexesha, ixhala kakhulu kwaye inomdla kuzo zonke iindawo ezinkulu - intlungu kwintsimi yesifo inika entanyeni, isalathula, ingalo, isigxina esifanelekileyo se-trunk (nitroglycerin ayincedi);
• ukuphefumula okufutshane;
• ukukhululwa kwesithukuthezi esibandayo;
• isicefe
• ukunyamezela kwimisebenzi yomzimba;
• uxhalaba;
• ukungcola;
• ukwanda kwenani lentliziyo kunye nesigqi esiphazamisayo;
• i-cyanosis yomlomo.

Impawu zokuqala zesifo senhliziyo

Emva koko kulandela ixesha elibizwa ngokuba lixesha elimangalisayo, xa i-infarction, iimpawu zokuqala ezingazange zithole ukusabela okwaneleyo kwaye zazingavinjelwa, zidlulela kwisigaba esiphathelene nokuphuhliswa kwe-aseptic ukuvuvukala nokuxutywa kwemveliso yenyama yokufa. Ubude beli nqanaba bunokufikelela kwiiyure ezine. Makhe siqwalasele, ziphi iimpawu kwi-infarction ziphawu kulo mzekelo:

• ukuqiniswa kwentlungu, ukufumana ukukhanda, ukutshisa, ukulinganisa;
• uxhalaba okanye ukunganakwa;
• ukuvakalelwa ngomoya;
• ukugqithisa kwesikhumba;
• imilomo eluhlaza, indlebe, impumlo.

I-infyoction ye-myocardial eyiyo-iimpawu

Isigaba esilandelayo sinzima, xa i-myocardial infarction kubasetyhini ifumana ezinye iimpawu, ezihambelana nokuqothulwa kwendawo ye-necrosis kunye nokuphuhliswa kwezicubu ezikufuphi. Ubungakanani bexesha leentsuku eziliqela, ukubonakaliswa okulandelayo kubonisa:

• ukuhoxiswa kwentlungu (kwiimeko ezininzi);
• ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
• ukwanda kwentliziyo.

Ixesha elilandelelweyo kunye nexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwalandelwa, xa ukubunjwa kwebala kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwenkqubo yesifo senhliziyo kuya kwiimeko ezimbalwa kwiiveki ezimbalwa. I-Symptomatology iya kuxhomekeka kubunzima, ukuhlaziywa kweendawo ezingenasiphelo, eziye zaphuhliswa ngenxa yeengxaki. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imeko yezempilo yezigulane ibonakala iyanelisayo.

Uncedo lokuqala lokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo

Emva kokubiza i-ambulensi xa kuvezwa izibonakaliso, uncedo lokuqala kufuneka lunikezelwe i-myocardial infarction kwixhoba, eli lilandelayo:

1. Isithintelo esipheleleyo somsebenzi womzimba, ukuthatha isikhundla esilawulayo okanye esilawulayo.
2. Ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwemoya evamile.
3. Ukwamkelwa kweNitroglycerin (phantsi kweelwimi) kunye ne-acetylsalicylic acid (chew) enye ipilisi.
4. Ukuthatha unyango olululwe ngugqirha ngaphambili.
5. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, jonga uxinzelelo lwegazi.
6. Xa intliziyo iyeka - i-punch efutshane emfutshane kwi-sternum kwimigqa yokuqala, ngoko- ukusila ngokungahambi ngqo .

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Ukuxilongwa kwe-myocardial infarction

Xa kuhlaselwa intliziyo, iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuqala kwiimeko ezininzi ziqaqambile kwaye ziqhelekileyo, ezivumela oogqirha ukuba baqonde ngokukhawuleza ukugula. Ukucacisa ubunjani kunye nendawo yesilonda, injongo yonyango, iindlela zokufumanisa i-infyoction ye-myocardial ziyimfuneko:

• electrocardiography;
• i-angiography;
• iimvavanyo zegazi (i-ESR, i-leukocytes, iimpawu zokuvuvukala kwemvelo, iimpawu ze-necrosis).

Unokuthintela njani ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo?

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-pathology, ukuthintela i-myocardial infarction iyinconywa, imigaqo ephambili yayo yile:

1. Ulawulo lwexinzelelo lwegazi.
2. Ulawulo lomzimba.
3. Ukulawula izinga le-cholesterol kunye noshukela egazini.
4. Ukutya okunempilo.
5. Ubomi ngaphandle kwemikhwa emibi.
6. Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo lomsebenzi.
7. Uthintelo lweentlanzi ezingaphezulu.