Inkqubo yendalo yokunikezela inzima kwaye ngezinye izihlandlo ayinakulinganiswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho imeko apho ukugcina ubomi bomntwana kunye nonina kufuneka ukuba kungekudala kunokwenzeka ukugqiba ukuzalwa. Kule meko, umgqirha-gynecologist ugqiba ngokukhawuleza ekumiselweni kwe-obstetric forceps.
Iimpawu zokubambisana - enye imbali
Ngethuba lokuqala i-obstetric forceps zadalwa nguP. Chamberlain, owagcina eso sixhobo siyimfihlo kwaye sisetyenziselwa ukucebisa.
Uluntu luyi-forceps, okwakhiwa okwesibili emva kweminyaka eyi-125 ngumgqirha wasePalfin. Kwakusuka kule mzuzu (1723) ukuba i-forceps obstetric yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwaye yaphuculwa kuqala kumazwe aseYurophu, emva koko eRussia nakwezinye iiphablikhi zaseSoviet.
Kuze kube ngumzuzwana xa utyando lwangaphakathi lugqirha lwangena kulo mkhanyo, izikhwepha ezinqamlekileyo zodwa zendlela apho ubomi babantwana abaninzi nabasetyhini bebeletha khona, kubandakanywa.
Iimpawu ze-Obstetric - iintlobo kunye nobuchule bokusetyenziswa
Okwangoku, ngokupheleleyo, kukho imodeli engaphezu kwe-600 yemigqomo engqongqo eyahlukileyo kwisakhiwo kunye nesimo sesicelo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwendawo yentloko ye-fetal, i-forceps ihlelwa:
- Imveliso yamanqamlezo enqamlekileyo (ngokuqhelekileyo) - ephakanyisiwe entloko, inxalenye enkulu ekhoyo kwiplanethi yokuphuma kweplavis. Ukumiselwa kwemveliso ye-obstetrical forceps ayinqabile ukusetyenziswa, kuba kule ndawo yintloko inokuthi ikhuphe i-episiotomy.
- I-forceps eneenqwelwana (i-atypical) ifanelekile ukuba intloko itholakala ngqo kwi-pelvis encinci.
- Amagqabhagqabha aphezulu ayenziwa ngaphambili xa intloko yayisemnyango wecala. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-forceps ephezulu kuyinkqubo enobungozi kwaye eyinkimbinkimbi, okukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzima zokuzalwa, yingakho ivalwe ngoku.
Njengomthetho, imodeli ye-classical ye-forceps iqukethe iipuni ezimbini ezilinganayo, isitshixo kunye nesiphathi.
Ngokwezinga lokuhamba kwekhikhi - into edibanisayo, i-obstetric forceps ingabelana ngo:
- IsiRashiya (inqaba iyiselula);
- IsiJamani (i-castle iyasondela);
- IsiNgesi (ukuhamba ngokulinganayo);
- IsiFrentshi (indawo ehleliweyo).
Elizweni lethu, isiqhelo esisetyenziswa ngesiNgesi sisithintela uSimpson ekuguqulweni komgqirha wePhenomenov, enegama elifanayo elithi Simpson-Phenomenov. Lo mzekelo unamalungu amabini - iipuni ezilungileyo kunye nezisekhohlo, ezineekhondubri ezimbini (intloko kunye ne-pelvic), isitshixo esikhenxayo, intambo ye-ribbed ne-Bush hooks yokulungisa izandla. Ubunzima be-forceps yi-500 gram, ubude bu malunga no-35 cm. Imigaqo yokuqhayisa i-obstetric forceps ixhomekeke kwiimpawu zesixhobo, kwaye ngokukodwa ukuba imveliso okanye imodeli yendlela.
Iimpawu zokubambisana - ubungqina kunye nemiphumo
Izibonakaliso eziphambili zokusebenzisa i-forceps zi:
- izifo zesimo senhliziyo, iintso, intliziyo yowesifazane ayihambelani nomthwalo wabasebenzi;
- msebenzi obuthathaka;
- i- hypoxia yobusana obukhulu;
- ukugqithisa kwintambo yeentambo;
- i-detachment yangaphambili ye-placenta kunye nabanye abaninzi, ngokuqaphela ugqirha.
Kwakhona kule nkqubo kukho le miqathango ilandelayo:
- isisu esilungileyo;
- ukudalulwa ngokupheleleyo;
- ukuhambelana kwentloko kunye neenwele zeentloko;
- ukungabikho kwesisu somntwana.
Ukongeza kwezi zinto zilapha ngentla, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba inkqubo yokumisa i-obstetric forceps isinkimbinkimbi, kwaye akubona zonke iingcali ezi zinezakhono ezifezekileyo. Ukongezelela, iingxaki zinokwenzeka, zombini kwinxalenye yomama nomntwana. Ngaloo ndlela:
- intlungu yokuzala, umonakalo wesibeleko , kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ubelethwayo ngokwawo;
- ukuxhwaleka kwintloko kunye nommandla wesibeleko womntwana;
- i-paresis yesibindi somzimba;
- hematomas;
- ukubola kweengqondo kunye nabanye abaninzi.