Imiqathango yokusebenza yilezo zinto ezichaphazela abasebenzi, indawo engqongileyo kuyo kwindawo yokusebenzela okanye kwindawo yokusebenza, inkqubo yokusebenza ngokwayo. Iimeko ezikhuselekileyo zokusebenza zizinto ezingathinti umqeshwa, okanye le mpe mbelelo ayidluli kwimigangatho emiselweyo. Kukho iindidi ezine eziphambili kuzo zonke izimo zokusebenza: ezifanelekileyo, ezikwamukelekayo, ezinobungozi nezingozi.
Izimo zokusebenza ezinobungozi yimiqathango yendawo yokusebenza kunye nenkqubo ngokwayo eyichaphazelayo umntu osebenzayo, kunye nexesha elaneleyo okanye ukunyaniseka komsebenzi, kwanezifo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi zibangelwa. Iimeko ezinobungozi neziyingozi zingabangela ukukhubazeka okupheleleyo okanye okukhethiweyo, ukukhushulwa kwezifo ze-somatic nezinye izifo, kuthintela impilo yembewu. Ukwahlula kweemeko zokusebenza eziyingozi kuqhutyelwa ngokwezinga lokulimaza.
- Idigali yokuqala: iimeko zengqesho zibangela utshintsho olusebenzayo olubuyiselwa kukuphazamiseka okude kwintsebenziswano kunye nezinto ezinobungozi.
- Isigatshana sesibini: Izimo zokusebenza zenza ukuba kubekho utshintsho olusebenzayo olukhokelela kwizifo zomsebenzi emva kwexesha elide (iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15).
- Isiqendu sesithathu: Izimo zokusebenza zenza ukuba kubekho utshintsho olusebenzayo olukhokelela kwizifo zokusebenza, ukukhubazeka kwexeshana ngexesha lomsebenzi.
- Isigaba sesine: Izimo zokusebenza zibangelwa zizifo ezinzima zezifo zokusebenza, ukukhula kwezifo ezingapheliyo, ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kwekhono lokusebenza.
Uluhlu lweemeko zokusebenza eziyingozi
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izimo zokusebenza ezithathwa njengengozi. Uluhlu lweemeko zokusebenza eziyingozi lumelelwe yimiba echaphazela umqeshwa, isimo sakhe sempilo kunye nakwimbewu ezayo.
1. Izinto eziphathekayo:
- umswakama kunye nobushushu, i-thermal kunye ne-ray, i-speed speed;
- amasomandla, iipulse, i-radiation;
- amasimu kagesi kunye neengqungquthela zomoya ezityalwa;
- I-laser, i-ultraviolet, i-radiation ionizing, i-ultra-and-infraound;
- ukuguquka, i-aerosols kunye nothuli;
- ukukhanya okwaneleyo okanye okugqithiseleyo, ukutshiza, ukungalingani.
2. Izinto zeMichiza: i mixube yamachiza kunye nezinto okanye izinto eziphilayo ezifunyenwe yi-chemical synthesis (antibiotics, i-enzyme, i-hormone, iivithamini, njl.).
3. Izinto eziphilayo : izixube zezinto eziphilayo kunye nezinto (ii-microorganisms, iseli kunye ne-spores, ibhaktheriya).
4. Imiba yezabasebenzi: ubunzima, ukuxhatshazwa, ubude benkqubo yomsebenzi.
Imisebenzi kunye nezimo zokusebenza eziyingozi zizo zonke eziquka ezi zinto kunye nezimo zokusebenza. Ukusebenza ngeemeko zokusebenza eziyingozi kuquka neenzuzo ezithile kunye neenzuzo ezimele zinikezelwe kubasebenzi.
Ikhefu ngeemeko zokusebenza eziyingozi
Wonke umsebenzi unelungelo lokuphumla iholide yonyaka. Ukongezelela, abo abanomsebenzi onemiqathango yokusebenza engonakalisayo banelungelo lokufumana ikhefu elongezelelweyo. Le yeholide eyongezelelweyo ehlawulwayo, enikezelwa ngokukongeza kwintloko. Ngokomthetho, abo:
- xakeka emsebenzini kunye nezimo zokusebenza eziyingozi okanye eziyingozi;
- unomntu okhethekileyo womsebenzi owenziweyo;
- unomsebenzi ongavumelekanga;
- isebenza kwimimandla ethile, umzekelo, kwi-Far North okanye abanye bachazwa ngumthetho.
Izibonelelo zeemeko zokusebenza eziyingozi
Ukongezelela ekuhlawuleni ikhefu elongezelelweyo, abasebenzi banikezelwa iinzuzo ezithile ngeemeko zokusebenza eziyingozi. Ziquka:
- umhlala-phantsi omdala ngokwemiqathango yeenzuzo;
- kunciphise iiyure zokusebenza okanye iveki;
- ukuhlawula umvuzo;
- ukufumana ubisi okanye ezinye iimveliso zokutya ezifanayo.