Umthetho wokuqala wolawulo lwemali uthi imali kufuneka isebenze ukunyusa. Indlela eyona inenzuzo kunye nechanekileyo yokubeka imali kwi-circulation yenze idiphozithi ebhankini. Oku akuyona indlela kuphela yokukhusela imali yakho, kodwa nethuba lokufumana umvuzo (rhoqo).
Idilesi - yintoni na?
Ukwenza ngokucacileyo ngokuchanekileyo kwaye umane nje ubonakalise ukuthengiswa kwemali efana nedizithi, kufuneka uguqulele kwisigama sesigama. Idiphozithi yinto ekhethekileyo yemboleko. Ukuba umboleki-mboleki ngumboleko webhanki kumthengi, ke iibhanki zebhanki zibolekisile ukuba abathengi banikele ngokuzithandela kwiibhanki zabo, kunye nemeko yokufumana ipesenti.
Ukuthengiswa kwemali okunjalo kuxhamla ngokubalulekayo kumabini omabini, kokubili kumgcini-mali kunye nebhanki. Ukutsho ukuba yiyiphi idiphozithi, idiphozithi ifumana ithuba:
- ngokubeka ngokusemthethweni imali yokukhululeka kwi-circulation;
- fumana isiqinisekiso semali ukhuseleko;
- ukusebenzisa inzala.
Kwaye ibhanki ithola ithuba:
- ukwandisa imali yakho;
- ukwandisa umthamo wemali yemali-mboleko kwiimfuno zoluntu;
- ukuqinisa indawo yayo kwimarike yemali.
Idiphozithi yediphozithi - ityala lebhanki kwi-deposit, kwaye ixhomekeke ekubuyiselweni kwemali kumnini kumva kwithuba elithile. Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe imali yakho kwibhankini, khetha isigqibo sokuba unomdla onjani kuwo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yintoni ekwahlula idizithi elula ebhankini inomdla kwidizithi.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kwediphozithi kunye nediphozithi?
Idiphozithi ibandakanya inkcazelo ebalulekileyo, kunye negalelo lenye yeentlobo zayo eziphambili. Ukwahlula kokuqala phakathi kwediphozithi kunye nediphozithi kukuba kuphela imali enokuyenza njengemboleko. Okokuthi, umxhasi webhanki uvula i-akhawunti, ubeka imali ethile kuyo kwaye uyifake ekukhutshweni kwalo mbutho webbhanki ngokuchanekileyo (okanye ngokungapheliyo, ngexesha elifunekayo). Kwixesha elithile eligcinwe ngalo, ibhanki inelungelo lokulahla le mali ngokwengqiqo yayo.
Iintlobo zeentlawulo
Idiphozithi ebhankini ineentlobo ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kwimimiselo yesivumelwano phakathi kweziko lemali kunye nabaxumi. Ngoko ibhanki inokunikezela ngemali ngemeko:
- idiphozi yokuqokelela - idiphozithi ngokuzaliswa;
- akhawunti yokugcina imali;
- idiphozithi kunye nemeko yesimo;
- lo ndolozo;
- idiphozithi yokufaka imali;
- idiphozithi ngemali;
- khu seleko;
- umhlalaphantsi;
- utyalo mali.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwenkontileka lunempawu zalo, kunye nemigangatho yalo. Ngaphambi, ukukhetha oko okanye uhlobo lotyalo-mali lwemali, kulungele ukutadisha ngokubanzi iinkcukacha kunye namalungelo kunye nezibopho umthengi (i-deposit) eya kuba nayo, kwaye yiyiphi inzuzo kunye namalungelo ebhanki ngokwawo ayifumana phantsi kwesivumelwano esinjalo.
Idipozithi yokwenza
Ukuba uqwalasela zonke iifakelo zentlawulo kwiibhanki, ke imali yokugcina imali yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhawuleza. Ukususela kwindlela yokuqala, oku kubonakala ngokwenza "ukunyuswa" kweengxelo kwi-akhawunti ephambili - idiphozithi ngokuzaliswa kwakhona. Oko kukuthi, ngokubeka inani elithile kwibhankini ngepesenteji, umthengi ngokwengqiqo yakhe anganciphisa kancane umzimba wediphozithi ngokubeka idipozithi ezintsha kule akhawunti.
Kule meko, kwakhona, imimiselo yokubeka imali kwixesha eliqinileyo elichazwe kwisivumelwano okanye ixesha lokufuna idizithi lisebenza. Okukuphela kwenkcazo kukuba umthengi uzama ukuzalisa rhoqo i-akhawunti ngenani elithile (unakho ngaphezulu, kodwa ungaphantsi) echazwe kwisivumelwano. Ireyithi yediphozithi iya kuhluka ngoxhomekeke kwimimiselo ebhanki enikezela ngayo umthengi.
Iifomethi ezifutshane
Phakathi kwazo zonke iimveliso ezinikezelwa yibhanki, kuyafaneleka ukuthobela ingqalelo kwenye idiphozithi enenzuzo-ixeshana elifutshane. Isici saloo galelo kwixesha elichanekileyo. Uthetha ukubeka imali eninzi kuye ixesha elifutshane kakhulu. Ingcamango ephambili yolu galelo yithuba lokuba umthengi aqinisekise imali eninzi phakathi kokuthengiswa kwemali engqongqo. Ngokuqhelekileyo idiphozithi isetyenziswa ngabantu:
- ukuba unqwenela, khawuleza ufumane ingeniso eyongezelelweyo kwimali eninzi;
- ukhusele imali enkulu kumasela;
- xa uthengisa kwaye uthengisa impahla ehla
Indlela elula yokulandelela ukusebenza ngulo mzekelo. Umuntu wenza intengiso yokuthengisa indlu. Inkokhelo yenziwe ngemali, oko kukuthi, inani elikhulu lemali likhoyo ezandleni zomntu. Ukugcina ubuninzi bemali ekhaya akukhuselekanga kwaye umthengi uza kwi-bhanki ngenjongo yokwenza igalelo. Ukuba kusondele kwixesha elizayo, umnini-mali uya kwenza ukuthenga okukhulu, akuyi kuba yinzuzo kuye ukuba angene kwisivumelwano esithile kwixesha elithile kwaye ibhanki imbonelela ngemveliso phantsi kokuba umthengi angavula i-akhawunti kwiintsuku eziliqela.
Ukufuna iDepositi
Olunye uhlobo olukhethiweyo lwemali yeentlawulo ngebhanki lifumana imali kwiifom. Ngoko, phambi kobuninzi beemali, umthengi angavula i-akhawunti kwaye enze igalelo kwimeko yokuba ungasebenzisa iimali nangaliphi na ixesha. Idiphozithi enokuthi ithandwa ngokukhethekileyo njengenye yeentlobo zeengxowa-mali eziphuthumayo okanye igalelo kunye nenkxaso-mali. Ngoko umthengi, ubeke imali eninzi kwi-akhawunti, phantsi komdla, emva kwithuba elithile linethuba lokurhoxisa okanye ukongeza inani elithile.
Imveliso ebhanki enjalo ikulungele ukuba umntu, ukuba kukho inani elikhulu, akayi kucwangcisa ukuthenga okuthe xaxa kwikamva elikufutshane. Imali ilele kwi-akhawunti kwifomu yayo yasekuqaleni, umthengi angongeza (kakuhle, okanye angabangeli) kwi-akhawunti yeziko, kodwa akwazi ukurhoxisa inzala nangaliphi na ixesha. Kukho ithuba lokusebenzisa yonke igalelo okanye inxalenye yalo nayiphi na ixesha ngexesha lokuthanda.
Inzuzo:
- akukho zithintelo kwixabiso lediphozithi;
- inkululeko epheleleyo yezenzo zomthengi.
Iingxaki:
- Imiqathango ayinakunceda ixabiso elincinci;
- inzala yenzalo iphantsi.
Inzuzo evela kwicala lezemali yaloo mveliso iya kuba ngumthengi kuphela ukuba kukho imali enkulu kakhulu. Ngomlinganiselo omncinci wediphozithi ukwenzela ukuqokelela umdla, kuyafaneleka ukukhetha enye imveliso yebhanki. Imfuno yokupakisha iya kuba yinto efanelekileyo yokuqokelela ixesha elide okanye njengenkxaso yabantwana "ukuya kubadala".
Ukugcina imali
Ukuqonda umbuzo wukuthi yiphi idiphozithi, kuyafaneleka ukuthobela ingqalelo enye uhlobo lwenkonzo. Imveliso yebhanki enjengokuba imali yokugcina imali inenzuzo kuphela xa kukho imali enkulu kwi-akhawunti. Kule meko, umnqweno we-deposit ngumvuzo wemali kwi-deposit. Umzimba we-deposit kufuneka uzinze kulo lonke ixesha elichazwe kwisivumelwano. Idiphozithi enjalo ayikwazi ukurhoxiswa kwibhanki nanini na, emva kokuphela kwexesha phantsi kwesivumelwano. Olu khetho lokupaka lufuna ukuthotyelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimithetho.
Idifti ye-Multicurrency
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba yiphi idiphozithi ekukhethiweyo kwemali emininzi. Indawo engaqinisekanga yeeyunithi zemali yenza iibhanki zikhangele kwaye zenze izibonelelo ezintsha zentengiso kubaxhasi. Ngoko idipozithi yokubeka imali izakuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba asebenzise ukuguqulwa kwemali ngaphakathi kwediphozithi ngokwengqiqo yakhe. Ukusetyenziswa kwemali kubonisa ukuba idiphozi kwimali yangaphandle yintengiso-mali.
Idipozithi kunye nenkcitho
Ukugcinwa kwe-deposit okukhawulezileyo - kukuloluhlu lwezona zinto zilungele kwaye zilula kakhulu ukhetho lwabaxumi lokubeka imali ebhankini kwimali. Iinjongo eziphambili zalolu khetho ziquka:
- ikhono lomxhasi ukujonga zonke iintengiso kunye nediphozithi;
- unelungelo lokulahla idiphozithi nganoma naliphi ixesha ngexesha lokuqonda kwalo;
- fumana ipesenteji ephezulu yebhanki;
- ithuba lokurhoxisa imali naliphi na ixesha;
- ukunikwa kwemali kubangelwa kwimali yangempela kwi-akhawunti (ukuhlaziywa rhoqo kwemali).
Imeko yenkxaso yesigxina yisoloko iyona ntlawulo ephezulu kunenzuzo xa umxhasi engalilahli imali kunye nokufumana inzala ixesha elide. Emva koko kwandiswe ngokunyuka komzimba wegalelo, ipesenti iyanda. Kwixesha lokunyusa inani, umrhumo wenzalo ukwandisa kwi-akhawunti ye-deposit.
Ukhuseleko lwentlawulo
Ukuze uzuze ngokugcwele umfanekiso wesimbolo sokubambisa, umntu kufuneka abe neengcamango zokuthi idiphozithi ithetha ntoni, apho idiphozithi leyo ayikho nje idiphozithi yokongeza, kodwa kunye ne-deposit deposit. Ngoko, ukunika inkcazo yediphozithi idiphozithi ilula kakhulu ngomzekelo othile. Ngokuqhelekileyo olu hlobo lwendiphozithi lisetyenziselwa xa kuqeshiswa izindlu okanye enye impahla ehambayo kwaye ingashenxiswa. Umnikazi, umninimzi, ukuze aqiniseke ipropati yakhe malunga nomntu (umonakalo kwipropati, ukungaphumeleli ukuhlawula iibhidi zesevisi, njl.).
Ipensenti yepensenti
Kukho ukhetho xa umntu efuna ukusebenzisa idizithi zexesha elide. Iyintoni imali yokufaka ipenshoni - loo mveliso yasebhanki inokubunjwa kwiminyaka emininzi. Le ntlawulo ephezulu kunenzuzo kunye nokuzaliswa kwakhona. Iminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, umxhasi webhanki uvula i-akhawunti yokugcina imali, apho kukho ukutsalwa okusisigxina kwikhadi lokuhlawula (umvuzo).
Emva kokuthatha umhlalaphantsi, umthengi unelungelo:
- Sebenzisa igalelo lakho ngokuqonda kwakho;
- yongeza umzimba wediphozithi ngokuqonda;
- kuthatha inzala kuphela ngenyanga.
Idiphozithi yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi inokubonisa ukuncitshiswa kwenzalo kanye ngenyanga kwiphepha lomhlalaphantsi lomthengi. Olu khetho lwediphozi ludinga ukuqhelaniswa ngokupheleleyo kunye nazo zonke iibhanki ezinikezayo. Kubalulekile ukunyamekela imiqathango kunye neemeko ze-inshurensi ye-deposit. Umngcipheko kukuba ibhanki inokutshisa "kwaye ukugcinwa kwe-deposit kugcinwe kuphela yinshuwalense eyenzelwe kakuhle.
Investment deposit
Ukuba umxhasi unomdla kumbuzo wendlela yokwenza imali kwiifomethi, ibhanki imnikezela ngemveliso elandelayo-idiphozi yentlawulo-mali. Olu luhlobo olusenyongweni kwimarike yemali yaseSoviet. Isiseko saloo diphozithi kukuba imimiselo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya imiqathango phantsi kokuba umthengi uthatha uxanduva lokuthenga isabelo se-investment fund. Inzuzo yeso sigodlo kukuba ukuba imarike iya kukhula, ngoko umthengi unengeniso, kodwa ukuba ithengiswa phantsi, umthengi ulahlekelwa yimali. Olu khetho lwediphozi luyamkeleka kuphela ukuba umthengi uyazi malunga neenzuzo kunye neengozi zokudlala utshintshiselwano.