- Ubude: 81.6 km
- Ububanzi: 150 m
- Ubunzulu: 12 m
I-Panama Canal yiyona ndawo iphambili kunye neyona ndawo idumileyo. Kunzima ukucinga ngomntu ongazange ave leli gama. Emva kwakho konke, abantu abaninzi baya ePanama ukuze ba tyelele idolophu eyaziwayo. Inqaku lethu liyakunceda ukuba wenze i-correspondence excursion kwiPanama Canal uze uqhelane nembali yendalo yayo.
Apha uya kufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo ephambili: iphi iPanama Canal, edibanisa ngayo ulwandle. Kwakhona uya kufunda ukuba ubunjani beCanal Canal, kwaye yiliphi ilizwe eliwela khona.
Ulwazi jikelele
I-Panama Canal yindlela ehamba ngendlela ehamba ngayo ehamba ngePanama Isthmus kwintsimi yasePanama. Idibanisa i-Atlantic ne-Pacific Ocean. Ukulungelelaniswa kweendawo zePanama Canal: 9 degrees ngasentla ne-79 degrees entshonalanga longitude. Inxaxheba yesicatshulwa esidumileyo esinokudlulela kunzima ukugqithisa, kwaye ukubaluleka kweCanal Canal inkulu kakhulu - yiyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu yokuthuthwa kwamanzi kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Ezinye zeendlela zayo zineziphumo eziphezulu kwihlabathi.
Umlando
Iprojekthi enkulu yokwakha iPanama Canal ayizange isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza. Nangona into yokuba idibaniso lokudibanisa iilwandle ezimbini ngeendlela zamanzi zavela ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuqala kokumiswa kwayo, ngokobuchwepheshe kwaphela kwenzeka kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Emva komzamo wokuqala ongaphumeleli wokudala ityala ngo-1879, inani elikhulu labanini-masheya laphazamiseka, kwaye amawaka wabakhi abulawa yi-malaria. Iinkokheli zeeprojekthi zagwetywa ngamanyathelo olwaphulo-mthetho. Ngomnyaka we-1902, ama-America ayibambelela ngokukrakra ukwakhiwa kweCanama Canal, kwaye ngeli xesha bazisa lo mbandela.
Kwimisebenzi eyadlula iminyaka eyi-10, abantu abangaphezu kwe-70,000 bathatha inxaxheba. Unyaka wokuvulwa ngokusemthethweni kweCanal Canal ngo-1914. Ngo-Agasti walo nyaka, umkhumbi wokuqala, "uCristobal", wadlula ngokugqithiseleyo ngomda. I-landslide enkulu, yehla ekwindla efanayo, yaphula ukuwela kwePanama Canal, kodwa emva kokuvuselelwa kowe-1915 kwindawo yokuvulwa kwe-canal kwindlela yesibini evuliwe.
Iinkalo eziphambili zeshaneli
Ukuphunyezwa kwiprojekti enkulu, amaMerika abonisa imimangaliso yangempela yobunjineli: ubude beCanama Canal ngu-81.6 km, kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-65 kubo bahlala ngaphesheya. Ubungakanani obubanzi belayini ngamamitha angama-150, ubunzulu bubungama-12 emitha kuphela. Iinqwelo ezi-14,000 zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zidlula ngonyaka ngee-Panama zengxangxwaba zangasese, zangasese, iinqanawa ezinkulu kunye neenqanawa zeenqanawa. Ngenxa yomthwalo osebenzayo welayini, umgca wokudlula kuwo uthengiswa kwiintengiso.
Ukuhamba ngokuhamba kwendlela yokuthutha kuvela kumzantsi-mpuma ukuya ngasenyakatho-ntshona. Isakhiwo sePanama Canal ichazwa ngamaqela amaninzi (i-Gatun, i-Pedro Miguel kunye ne-Miraflores) kunye nezixhobo ezimbini zokufakelwa. Zonke iifaki zendawo zendawo zihamba kunye, ezenza uhambo olukhuselekileyo lweenqanawa ezizayo.
Umdanso owaziwayo wasePanama, ngakwesinye icala, wadibanisa iilwandle ezimbini, kwaye kwenye - yahlula amazwekazi amabini. Oku kwahlangenwe ngabemi beColon nePanama , behluke kwilizwe lonke. Ingxaki yaxazululwa ngokuqala ngo-1959 ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho ngaphaya kweCanama Canal, eyaziwa njengebhulorho yamaMerika amabini . Ukususela ngo-1962, kukho umgca wezimoto oqhubekayo odibanisa iilizwekazi ezimbini. Ngaphambili, olu xhumo lubonelelwe ngeendlela zokudlala.
Imiba yePanama Canal
Inqabileyo enkulu yePanama, nangona ibudala obudala, isasazi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, imiqulu ye-shipping yehlabathi ikhula rhoqo, kwaye i-Panama Canal ibhekene neengxaki eziqhelekileyo-ngaphezulu nangaphezulu "ulwandle lwamanzi" luye lwaqala ukwenza. Ngoko ke, namhlanje umbuzo uvela ukwakhiwa kweseshini sesibini. Kucetywayo ukwakha itanki efanayo eNicaragua, eya kuba yinto engcono kakhulu kwiCanama Canal. Ukongezelela, iimeko zendalo zinegalelo kule nto.
Indlela yokufikelela kwiCanama Canal?
Ukusuka kwisixeko sasePanama ukuya kwiindawo ezikhangayo zilula ukufumana iteksi. Ukusuka kwisixeko sendawo ukuya kwindawo ekuya kuyo, ukukhwela iteksi kuya kuhlawula imali engaphezu kwama-10. Kodwa emva, ngokungaqhelekanga, kungcono ukubuyela ngebhasi ukuya kwiMetroBus. I $ 0.25 ungayifumana kwisikhululo se-Albrook , kwaye emva kwe-metro ukuya kwisixeko.
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