Uninzi lwabalimi banomdla kwindlela yokukhulisa i-petunia kwimbewu, kuba indleko yokutya okuphezulu kwaye ilungiselelo lebhodi elikhulu elikhanyayo liza kufuna iindleko ezinkulu zemali. Kungcono ukufunda indlela yokukhulisa izithombo ngokwakho, iinzame zifanelekile - intsimi yeentyatyambo iya kukhanyeka ngamaqabunga kunye "neengubo" ezintle zembala eyahlukileyo.
Indlela yokufumana imbewu ye-petunia ekhaya?
Ngethuba lokuqala imbewu ingathengwa kwivenkile kunye nezityalo ezikhulile. Kodwa ke xa ukhula ngeentyantyambo, usenombuzo - indlela yokuqokelela imbewu ye-petunia ekhaya. Kukho iingcebiso ezininzi:
- Iintyatyambo zeentyantyambo zexesha elizayo zithathwa kwiimveliso ezimileyo, ezimele ziphawulwe ngexesha leentyantyambo zazo;
- Umjikelezo weembewu ukuvuthwa yiinyanga eziyi-2-3, kubalulekile ukuba ungagqiba xa uqokelela;
- kugcina imbewu kwindawo eyomileyo ngeqondo lokushisa, igqitywe ephepheni okanye ngokubumba, ihlala iminyaka emininzi;
- Zininzi iintlobo zinobuncwane kwaye anikezeli abantwana abasesekondari. Unokufumana imbewu kwiintlobo ezilula ze-petunia.
Ukutshala i-petunia kunye nembewu
Ukuze inkqubo yokuhluma iphumelele ngokukhawuleza, ngaphambi kokutshala i-petunia kunye nembewu, kufuneka inikwe unyango. Ngenxa yoko, kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa inkqubo yokukhangela - imbewu ifakwa ebhodweni ngesanti eyomileyo, ehlanganiswe ngefilimu. Emva koko imbewu igcinwe iinyanga ezimbini kwiqrijini. Ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ibhokhwe kufuneka ikhutshwe kwaye ityutywe ngesanti.
Ukutyalwa kweefowuni ze-petunia - imiqathango
Ukutshala kakuhle imbewu ye-petunia, kubalulekile ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuhlwayela:
- I-Petunia inokugxilwa kwangaphambili-ngoFebruwari. Kodwa ukungabikho kokukhanya kukukhokelela ekubeni amahlumela ahluthelwa, athathaka, akakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezifo. Ukutyala okunjalo kufuneka kufakwe ngokugqanyiswa ngezibane ukuze kwandiswe usuku lokukhanya (kufuneka libe malunga neeyure eziyi-16).
- Ngokuhlwayelwa ngokuqhelekileyo, imbewu ihlonywe ukusuka phakathi ukuya ekupheleni kukaMatshi. Ngeli xesha, ilanga ilanga lide lide, ukubonelela ngemiphumo efunekayo yokukhanya. Kule meko, kungcono ukufaka isitya kunye nembewu kwiwindow yezantsi, empuma okanye entshonalanga.
- Ukususela ekutsalweni komhlaba ukuya kwiinkcubeko zezimbali, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iinyanga ezi-3-3.5.
Indlela yokuphuhlisa kakuhle i-petunia kwimbewu?
Ngaphambi kokuba kukhule i-petunia kwimbewu ekhaya, balungiselela ngokubanzi, kungekhona izikhonkwane ezinzulu - iikhasethi, ibhokisi, iikomityi. Kweyiphi na itanki, kufuneka wenze imingxuma emininzi ukuze amanzi angadluli, ngaphandle koko imbewu iya kufa kwi-fungus disease ebizwa ngokuthi "umlenze omnyama" . Ngaphandle koko, kunokwenzeka ukutshala i-petunia imbewu kwibhodeni, kodwa kulula ngakumbi ukuthatha ibhokisi yeplastiki evulekileyo engxoweni ngaphantsi kwekhekhe ngesibindi. Kukho iinkalo zendlela yokukhulisa i-petunia kwimbewu:
- Iingqolowa zayo zincinci, ngoko zizisasaza phezu komgangatho we-substrate omanzi kunye ne-toothpick, ngaphandle kokulala nehlabathi. Imbewu yentyatyambo yokuhluma idinga ukukhanya. Ngako oko, isityalo sinqabileyo, imbewu ayikwazi ukufafaza umhlaba, ngaphandle koko abayi kukwazi ukugqithisa. Ukunxibelelana kangcono nomhlaba, imbewu inokucatshiswa kancinci nge-toothpick.
- Emva koko ikhonkce ihlanganiswe isiqhekeza, ifilimu okanye iglasi, ifakwe kwindawo efudumeleyo.
- Ukulima kwezityalo ze-petunia zenziwa ngo-20-25 ° С.
- Ukuthintela ukukhupha ukungena kwizityalo, kufuneka ulungelelanise isitsha kwaye uhluthe umswakama ongaphezulu kwiindawo zayo.
- Xa izityalo zibonisa iqabunga lokuqala, izityalo ziqala ukuthoba.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-petunia kwimbewu - umhlaba
Ukukhangela i-petunia, xa ukhula ukusuka kumbewu, kufuneka umhlabathi okhulayo, ocebileyo kunye nomswakama. Umhlaba othengiweyo wezityalo eziqhambileyo ezisekelwe kwizityalo ezinjengeentlobo. Ungalungisa umxube wakho. Ukwenza oku, hlanganisa iindawo ezifanayo ze-humus, i-turf, peat nesihlabathi. I-substrate ngaphambi kokutshala i-sprayed best and disinfected in steamer okanye colander ngeyure. Oku kuya kusindisa ukukhula kweepetrouni kwizifo kunye nokhula.
Petunia kwi imbewu ekuthambisa amanzi
Ngomyezo we-petunia xa ukhulile ukusuka kwimbewu ekhaya, kubalulekile ukuba amanzi ahlaziye kakuhle. Amahlumela kufuneka ahlolwe ukuba aqinisekise ukuba umhlaba awunamanzi kakhulu, kodwa awumile. Ukwenza oku, izithombo zifuthwa imihla ngemihla ubuncinane amaxesha ambalwa ngosuku. Amanzi kungcono kwisitya okanye ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kweengcambu. Ihluma ngezikhathi ezicetyiswayo zokunkcenkceshela ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, ukuze bangaguli ngomlenze omnyama.
Umgangatho wokunisela ubalulekile, ngokuba ukukhula ngempumelelo kwe-petun kwiimbewu, udinga ilwelo elithambileyo elingenayo i-chlorine. Ukwenza oku, upompoza amanzi uphakanyiswa ukuma ubuncinci beeyure ezingama-24, ngaphambi kokufafaza, ijusi encinane yelisi yongezwa kuyo. Ubushushu bamanzi kunye nomhlaba kufanele kube yinto efanayo. Ukunkcenkceshwa kwenziwa ngokuhlwa, kuba ngobusuku ubukhulu bokukhula kwebhola buphezulu.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-petunia kwimbewu - ukugqoka okuphezulu?
Ukukhuphula i-petunia kwimbewu ekhaya, kuya kuthatha iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kutshatyalazela imvula. Ukufumana izityalo ezinamandla kwaye ezinempilo, xa ihluma ikhula kancane, iqala ukunyusa. Intyatyambo iphendulela kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi. Ukwazi indlela yokutshala i-petunia kunye nembewu, kwaye unike isityalo ininzi izondlo, inkcubeko inokukholisa iifama eziqhaqhazelayo kuze kube yilapho kubanda. Okokuqala, ukondla kwenziwa kwimihla yesi-5 ukuya kwezi-14-xa kuvela amahlumela okuqala. Kufuneka kusekelwe kwikhalsium (inqanda ukudweba) kunye ne-nitrojeni (ikhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwamahlumela okutshatyalaliswa).
Isondlo esilandelayo senziwa emva kweeveki ezimbalwa emva kokukhetha iiveki ezimbini. Okokuqala, ukwenzela ukutshiza, ukutshiza okutshintshileyo kuphela kusetyenziswa, ukutshintshela ukukhula kwezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-mineral fertilizer complex compounds containing nitrogen, umzekelo, u-Agricola. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuhluma kufuneka kuqhutywe kunye nokutyalwa kweengcambu kunye nama-compounds asekelwe kwi-phosphorus ne-potassium. Kungcono ukusebenzisa iifom zamanzi ezihlambulukileyo ngamanzi.
Ngaphi na imbewu eninzi yeepalunias?
Kulo mbuzo, ngeyiphi imbewu ye-petunia iza kuza, abalimi abanamava banike impendulo ecacileyo - emva kweveki okanye ezimbini. Ngelo xesha, ngokukhawuleza isiqhekeza okanye ingilazi ayisuswanga, isityalo sele sifundiswa umoya omtsha-sivulelwe iiyure ezimbalwa ngosuku. Emva kweentsuku ezimbini, isiqhekeza singasuswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukushisa komxholo wezithombo kuyancishiswa - emini, akufanele kudlule + 20 ° C, ebusuku - + 16 ° C (eli lixesha elibalulekileyo lokukhula).
Xa ama-4-6 amaqabunga avela kwiimbewu, zihlanjululwa - ukutsalwa ngamnye kufakwa kwisitya esicacileyo. Kule meko, imbewu iyancwina kumaqabunga okuqala ukunciphisa amathuba okubola kwesifo. Ukuhlala kwiibhotho ezinkulu kuza kuvumela izityalo ukuba zikhule iingcambu ngenyanga yokuqala. Xa umhlaba kwiglasi igxininiswe ngeprojekti engaphantsi komhlaba, amahlumela afakwa kwiibhodwe ezifikelela kwi-2 ilitha, apho zikhula ngaphambi kokutshala engadini.
Ukususela ekupheleni kuka-Epreli ukuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi (emva kohlobo lwamaqabunga entwasahlobo) lukhule kwaye luqiniswe ukunyuka kwamanzi kuthunyelwa kwindawo evulekile. Ukuqhekeka kuqhutyelwa ngokuhlwa okanye ngosuku olufufayo, ukusa phambi kweengcambu zeehlwena ngamanzi. Umgama kwisityalo se-flowerbed u-20-25 cm, emva kokufuduka kweentyatyambo, amanzi ajikeleze umsila ahlanganiswe ne- peat, i-humus ukuyikhusela ebusweni kwaye igcine umswakama.
Kutheni i-petunias ingaqhakazi kwiimbewu?
Ngaphambi kokuba kukhule i-petunia kwimbewu, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde iimpawu zokulima. Ukuba isityalo asiqhipanga ixesha elide, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela iingqalelo ezi ngundoqo zilandelayo:
- Ukukhulisa i-petunia kwimbewu yendlu, hlwayela imbewu kwiindawo ezibheke kakuhle-isityalo sithanda ukukhanya nokufudumala.
- Ubuhle budinga ukugqoka okunesondlo. Kunconywa ukuba kuncenkceshele ukutyheliswa kunye nezichumisi: i-nitrogen ivuselela ukukhula, isetyenziswe ekuqaleni kokukhula kwehlathi; I-Potassium kunye ne-phosphorus zifunekayo ukuze kuhlume. Isikimu esilungileyo sokuchumisa: ukuchelela, ukusebenzisa i-organic organic or mineral fertilizers, ukuhluma kwakhona, ukufafaza ngokugqoka okuphezulu kumagqabi.
- Ukuthuthwa komhlaba. Izityalo zemfuno zabantu abadala nakuba zingekho rhoqo, kodwa zininzi zokuthambisa. Kwaye izityalo ezincinci azikwazi ukuxutywa kakhulu - zinokufa.
- Iipalali ezifileyo kufuneka zisuswe kunye needicicels, oku kuya kubangela ukutshatyalaliswa okutsha. Yenza ngcono kangcono imihla ngemihla, ngaphandle koko iibhokisi zeembewu ziya kuqala ukubopha, kwaye intyatyambo iya kunika amandla onke ekubunzeni imbewu.
- Izihlahla ezincinci zifuna iipinki, zisusa phezulu, zishiya amaqabunga 3-4. Oku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwezihluma ezintsha kunye neziqhamo.
- Kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kwesityalo, kuyafuneka kwakhona ukuba ususe ngokuthe ngqo imifanekiso yamanzi. Kwiintonga ezibola, ezinye iintlekele zingatyala.