Iqhenqa okanye iqhenqa ngenye yezifo ezona zidlulayo ezibhalwe kwimibhalo yamandulo. Iintsikelelo zehlabathi ziye zawela kwii-XII-XIV zeenkulungwane. Kwaye ngaloo mihla izigulane ezineqhenqa zazingekho phantsi kwelungelo lobomi obuqhelekileyo kuluntu. Cinga ukuba luphi uhlobo lokugula, zeziphi izibangela kunye neempawu zeqhenqa, kunye nendlela yokuphathwa ngayo.
Ukusabalalisa, iindlela zokudlulisela kunye ne-agusti ye-leprosy
Okwangoku, esi sifo sithathwa njengingqabile, kwaye sisasazeke, ikakhulukazi kumazwe aseTropiki. Ezinye iindawo zaseBrazil, e-Indiya, eNepal, nase-Afrika zithandeka kule ntlawulo. Iprose iyakhathazeka ngakumbi kubantu abaneemeko zokuphila ezingekho kakuhle, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwezilwanyana ezikhubaza kakhulu amandla omzimba .
Esi sifo sibangelwa ibhaktheriya eneentonga ezivela kwintsapho ye-mycobacteria, ebizwa ngokuba ngu-Hansen izikhwebu (i-bacilli) - negama logqirha owafumanisa. Ezi ncinane zineziphathamandla ezinjengebhaktiriya zesifo sofuba, kodwa azinako ukuvelisa kwi-media media. Ngenxa yoko, i-bacilli yeqhenqa ayibonakali ixesha elide. Ixesha lokuxubusha lingaba li-3-5 iminyaka okanye ngaphezulu. Usulelo lusasazwa ngokukhutshwa emlonyeni nasempumlweni, ngokuthintana rhoqo kunye nezigulane ezingenakufumana unyango.
Iimpawu zeqhenqa
Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zeqhenqa ezibonakaliswayo ezahlukeneyo. Makhe siqwalasele ngamnye ngomnye iinkcukacha.
Iqhenqa le Tuberculoid
Kule meko, lesi sifo sichaphazela, kwinkqubo engundoqo, inkqubo ye-nervous system. Izibonakaliso zalo zobomi zilandelayo:
- ukubonakala kwesikhumba sendawo ephathekayo yendawo eneenkcazo ezicacileyo ezikhulayo ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ekugqibeleni imiphetho yayo iphakama; Ummandla ophakathi kwinqanaba le-torophi kunye ne-sinks, ngaphakathi kwengqwalasela yesilonda, akukho zilwanyana zeenwele kunye neengqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungqungquthela;
- ukunyuka kwamazinyo angenazo izilonda (iintsholongwane zixutywa kufuphi nendawo);
- i-atrophy ye-muscle, ehambelana nokutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo (ingakumbi imisipha yezandla);
- ukuthintela ukunyakaza kwamaqela ezandla kunye neenyawo;
- ukuvela kosulelo lwezandla kunye neenyawo, okukhokelela ekubunjweni kwezilonda ze-neurotrophic ulcers;
- ukucoca kunye nokugatywa kwe-phalanges;
- ukungakwazi ukuvalwa okupheleleyo kweentloko zezilwanyana, ezikhokelela ekubonakaleni kwe-keratitis, izilonda zamakhompi (xa kwenzeka kwilonda yesibindi somzimba).
Neqhenqa lepromatous
Le fomu yesifo ineyona nkalo enzima kwaye ibonakaliswe ngolu hlobo:
- ukubonakala kokuxinwa kwamanzi, ukuphefumula, ukuphefumula ubunzima;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kweembumba ze-larynx, ukuphazamiseka;
- ukunyuka kwama-inguinal kunye ne-axillary lymph nodes;
- ukuvela kwezilonda ezincinci zesikhumba ngendlela yamathala, ama-node okanye iipilisi eziye zahlula iindawo eziselunxwemeni kunye neziko elidibeneyo, eliqhelekileyo (ngokuphindaphindiweyo izilonda zenzeka ebusweni, ezindlebeni, kwiintloko, ematyeni nasemadolweni);
- ukulahlekelwa kweelishi;
- ukuphazamiseka kwimizimba ebusweni kunye nokuphulwa kweentshukumo zobuso ngokucacileyo ngenxa yokomelela okunzulu kwesikhumba (ukwakheka kobizo olubizwa ngokuthi "ubuso bengonyama");
- ukwanda kweendlebe zeendlebe;
- Ukudibanisa kwamanzi okuhambelana nawo
ukuguqulwa kwe-septum nasal kunye ne-cartilage deformation; - ukuvela kwekeratitis, iridocyclitis ekungeneni kwe-bacal Hansen kwamehlo;
- ukwehla kwintsimi yeengingqi zomda wezitho.
Unyango lweqhenqa
Esi sifo sidinga unyango lwexesha elide (iminyaka engama-2-3 okanye ngaphezulu) kunye nokubandakanyeka kweengcali ezahlukeneyo (i-neurologist, orthopedist, ophthalmologist, njl.). Ukuchithwa kweziyobisi kusekelwe ekuthathweni kweziyobisi ze-sulfonic kunye ne-antibiotics. Izigulane ngexesha logulane zonyango zikarhulumente kumaziko akhethekileyo - i-leprosariums.