Umntwana osanda kuzalwa ngumntwana ongazange afinyelele kwiminyaka eyi-1. Ixesha elisandul 'usana lwabazali ngokuqhelekileyo libaleka njengemzuzu. Kubonakala ngathi bathatha nje umama nosana esibhedlele, bamkele ukuthokoza, bathenga yonke into efunekayo, badibana nodade wam ozayo kunye nodokotela-kwaye ngoku uguqulwa unyaka. Kodwa bangaphi abazali abatsha abakufuneka bafunde kule nyanga, zingaphi izakhono eziyimfuneko kunye nezisebenzayo zokufunda. Ngoko, ngokubaluleka kunye nobutyebi, inyanga yokuqala yobomi bomntwana mhlawumbi ibaluleke kakhulu, kokubili kuye nangomama nonina.
Ukuphuhliswa kwengane enyangeni
Ngethuba lokuqala kwinyanga yobomi bomntwana, umzimba wakhe uvumelanisa ukuba ubekho ngaphandle kwesibeleko esilumkileyo nesinobubele. Ngokukodwa kwiveki yokuqala emva kokuzalwa, umzimba wezingane uchitha umgudu omkhulu kulolu hlobo, ngoko iintsuku zokuqala umntwana, njengomgaqo, ulahlekelwa malunga ne-400 gram (ukuya kwi-10% yesisindo somzimba). Ekuqaleni kweveki yesibini umntwana uqala ukufumana ubunzima. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukwandiswa kwansuku zonke kungama-20-30 g, i. Ngenyanga yokuqala yobomi umntwana kufuneka akonge malunga ne-500 g. Ewe, ukuba unesana esikhethekileyo isikali ekhaya ukulawula. Nangona kunjalo, ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala kuya kufuneka uvelele kwiklinikhi kunye nosana, kwaye apho umntwana uya kulingwa ngumntwana wezingane. Ulinganisa umntwana (ngenyanga yokuqala umntwana kufuneka akhule ngo-3 cm, kwaye i-circumference yesifuba nentloko kufuneka ikhule ngo-1.5-2 cm).
Umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa usenalengqiqo elandelayo:
- uyasela - ukuba uthetha ngomlomo womntwana ngomunwe okanye u-pacifier, uqala ukwenza ukunyuka okunyukayo;
- ukukhangela - xa ugula esihlathini umntwana ujika ikhanda kulolu hlobo;
- ukubamba - ukuba ufaka isicatshulwa sakho somnwe entendeni yomntwana wakho, uya kuwufakela ngokukhawuleza;
- Umrlex reflex - ukuphonsa izibonda kunye nemilenze ngokuphendula ngokuzwakalayo;
- ukuhamba ngokukhenkcela - ukuba ubambe inkomo phantsi kwembambo ngokugqithiseleyo ngaphezu komgangatho oqinileyo, xa uthintela iinyawo zalo mhlaba, uya kwenza ukuba unyawo luhambe ngendlela efana nokuhamba.
Ukufumaneka kwezi zinto kunye nezinye iingcamango kwiintsana zakho ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ziya kuhlolwe ngumhambi wezempilo kunye nodokotela wezingane omele eze ekhaya lakho ngeveki yonke inyanga yokuqala yobomi bomntwana. Oku kuyimfuneko ukulawula ukuphuhliswa kwayo.
Ingaba umntwana oneminyaka enyangeni angayazi?
- isana esingazi ukuba singayibamba njani intloko ixesha elide, kodwa silale ngesisu, iintsana ezininzi sele zivele zivela ekuzalweni kuzama ukuphakamisa intloko ngenxalenye yesibini okanye kwimizuzwana embalwa;
- phakathi kweveki yesibini, iintsana ezininzi ziyakwazi ukubona into eqaqambileyo ehamba ngokukhawuleza, esecaleni lika-40-50 cm ukusuka kwamehlo, kwaye ekupheleni kweveki yesithathu umntwana unokukwazi ukulungisa izinto kwizinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo (ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kubaluleke kakhulu ubuso bomama okanye uyise );
- kwinyanga yokuqala yobomi bomntwana, ukuva kwakhe kukhula ngokunyanisekileyo: iveki yokuqala umntwana akanakuva kakuhle, esabela kuphela kwizandi ezivakalayo kwaye ezibukhali, kwaye ekupheleni kwenyanga unako ukubuyisela intloko kwisandi segama likaMama okanye nakuTV;
- ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala, abazali abaninzi bajonge iintsana zabo kuqala, bebanomomotheka ngokungabonakaliyo (ukulawula ubuso bonyana umntwana uya kuqala ngokusondela kwinyanga yesi-2).
Isondlo kwintsana enyangeni
Kwiintsuku zokuqala ezingu-3-4 umntwana usondla i-colostrum - umthamo omninzi wezondlo okhutshelwe kwibele lomama kwaye ulandele ubisi. Emva koko ukutya okusemgangathweni kweemvuthu kuyinina lomama, ukuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, liveliswa ngokwaneleyo. Ngaphandle koko kuyimfuneko ukuthabatha usana luhlobo lwebisi olungumsebenzi. Ngethuba losuku usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa lungathatha umthamo we-600-700 weebisi okanye umxube. Ukutya kufuneka kube rhoqo ngokwaneleyo, kunye nekhefu ukusuka kwiiyure ezi-2 ukuya kwii-4. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana uya kumxelela umama ukuba lixesha lokumondla. Into ephambili okumele uyikhumbule unina wokubeletha - kufuneka ubeke esweni isondlo sakho, ukuze umntwana obisi afumane izinto ezinobuninzi. Ziqaphele ngeemveliso ezibangelwa ukubola kunye nokuvuthwa emathunjini - iintsana zenyanga yokuqala yobomi sele zingenzi ngaphandle kwe-colic kwiingxaki zesisu kunye neyesikhumba.
Kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zobomi bomntwana, ukubhubhisa kunye ne-colic, ngelishwa, into eqhelekileyo: ungenza ntoni, inkqubo yokugaya umntwana ifunda nje ukusebenza. Unina uya kukwazi ukubona "iziphumo" zokuqala zomsebenzi wakhe ngosuku lwesibini okanye lwesithathu, xa isilwanyana esasiluhlaza (i-dark green viscous meconium) iya kusuka kwaye isihlalo somntwana siya kuba yinyulu, i-yellow, i-mushy, ifana ne-cottage shizi kunye ne-acidic odority. Qaphela ukuba ayinqabile kakhulu okanye kaninzi kakhulu (okuqhelekileyo ngamaxesha angama-6 ukuya kwemihla, kubantu abakhethiweyo 3-4) kunye neentlungu, kunye nokunyamezeleka kwe-colic kuya kuncitshiswa ngeendlela ezikhethekileyo, abantu (i-dill kunye ne-fennel amanzi kamama kunye usana) kunye nekhemisti (espumizan, bobotik, plankteks, njl.).
Rash kwintsana enyangeni
Ngokuqhelekileyo isikhumba sethemba esasisandula, esingaqhelekanga kwiimeko ezintsha, sijongwa ngokukhawuleza. Izizathu ezinokwenzeka zokukhawuleza:
- Inkqubo yomzimba eqhelekileyo - oku kubhekisela ekugqibeleni okomhlophe kwimpumlo yengane apho umntwana azalwa khona, kunye ne-yellow-white-white ne-pink areola izibonda kwi-tummy eyenzeka ngeveki yokuqala yobomi: ezi ziqhwaba ziyindlela ezithintekayo zesikhumba kwaye zidlula zona, ngaphandle unyango kunye nophuhliso olulodwa;
- ukungondleki, ukunyamezela - ulusu lolutsha olunokutshatyalaliswa kwempawu yokuba umzimba unalo izinto ezingagciniweyo okanye ezibangela ukunyuka komzimba: khumbula ukuba unyoko awuzange asebenzise nantoni na iimeko ezikhoyo ezinsukwini ezi-3 zokugqibela, nokuba ingaba i-allergies ibangela izimonyo zabantwana kunye neelinen umntwana;
- iilekese - zifumaneka rhoqo emva kwentamo, emva kweendlebe, entanyeni, kwimihlathi ye-axillary kunye ne-groin, kwiamahlama kunye neengxube zomntwana: ezinjalo iingxaki zincedwa ngokukhetha ngokufanelekileyo kweeshiapers kunye neengubo (kufuneka kube lula kwaye zikhulule) ukucoceka koomama kunye neenkqubo zokucoceka zentsana: ukuhlamba kwiimithi zokuhlambulula imfuyo, unyango lweengxaki zengxaki kunye ne-ointment (i-beepantene, njl njl.).
Ukunyamekela umntwana omdala
- Ukuhlamba umntwana onyangeni yinkqubo yamanyathelo imihla ngemihla, ukusukela ngaphandle kokucoceka kuphela, kodwa kunye neenjongo zophuhliso. Njengomthetho, bahlamba umntwana ngokuhlwa, kungekudala kweyure emva kokutya. Emanzini (ubushushu bamanzi malunga ne-37 ° C) kwiintsuku zokuqala, faka isisombululo esinamandla se-potassium permanganate, emva kweveki yesibini unako ukuya kwimifuno yezityalo (ukujika, i-chamomile, calendula). Ngesepha okanye i-shampoo, unako ukuhlamba umntwana osanda kuzalwa ngokuphindwe kabini ngeveki. Emva kokuhlamba, kufuneka ukhathaze ngobumnene ulusu lolutsha ngetayiliti elithambileyo kwaye uphathe onke ama-wrinkles emzimbeni weemvuthu nge-cream cream okanye ibhotela. Ixutywe ngamanzi abilisiwe nge-cotton swabs, uhlambulule amehlo omntwana. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, bhekise ngobumnandi i-cotton bud kunye ne-spout (ukuba u-spout, i-moisten turundas kunye nobisi lwebele okanye isisombululo se-saline, iindlebe zeendlebe - ezomileyo, zimele zifumane kuphela amanzi ayenayo ngexesha lokuhlamba ezindlebeni).
- Ukunyamekela kwilonda elibi. Kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokukhutshwa esibhedlele sokubeleka kanye ngosuku, emva kokuhlamba, phatha isilonda esingumgubo nge-cotton swab edibeneyo kwisisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide, emva koko kuhluma.
- Indlu yangasese yasekuseni. Emva kobusuku bokulala, usule ubuso kunye nomzimba wengane enomphunga obomvu okanye ityhiliti elithambileyo elinywe ngamanzi afudumele.
- Zokuhlambela umoya. Amaninzi emini, vumela umntwana alele e-1-2 imizuzu ehamba ze. Kukulungele ukugqiba le nkqubo ukuguqula iimpahla. Qinisekisa ukuba igumbi likhululekile kulo bushushu (20-22 °).
Indlela yokuphuhlisa nendlela yokuzonwabisa umntwana oneminyaka enyangeni?
Enyanisweni, impendulo kule mibuzo emibili iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo, kuba abantwana abancinci bekhula, benovuyo, oko kukuthi, xa bebanomdla.
Ukuzonwabisa kunye nokuqeqeshwa kombono, umntwana ofikelela kwinyanga uwanele ukuxhoma isikhalazo, esifubeni nasesisu, ngebini
Kubalulekile ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zokucula iintsana kunye neengoma nje - ithobisa umntwana kwaye ivelise ukuva.
Umsebenzi omhle wokuphuhlisa kunye nokuzonwabisa kwiintlobo ze-gymnastics. I-Gymnastics yintsana ukuya kwi-1 inyanga ilula kwaye iqulethwe ngokulula ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokwandiswa kwezibamba kunye nemilenze, kunye nokubeka ngokuthe ngenye kwisisu nangemva, ngasemva. Bobabini umama nosana bafumana unonwabo oluninzi kumntu oqhagamshelana nomzimba, imisipha ekhulayo iyaqina, kunye nokuziva komzimba kunye nokuthintela kukhula kwi-crumb.