Indlela yokusebenza kwengqondo okanye imfundiso yeso sikolo sikolo esasisandul 'ukutshalwa (nge-1920-1930). Yindlela entsha ngokupheleleyo yokufundwa kwengqondo yabantu. Isekelwe kwicandelo elibizwa ngokuthi "Umsebenzi weZifundo".
Ingundoqo yendlela yokusebenza kwengqondo
I-theorists yendlela yokusebenza ibheka umsebenzi njengomnye weentlobo zobomi bomntu obusebenzayo, okokuqala, ngokubhekiselele ekuguqulweni kokudala, ukuqonda ngokuqinisekileyo kwento ejikelezayo. Ngaloo ndlela, kucatshangelwa ukuba ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliswe kumsebenzi:
- Ukususela ekuzalweni, umntu akanalo msebenzi, lukhula kulo lonke ixesha lokukhuliswa kwakhe , kunye nokuqeqeshwa.
- Ukwenza nayiphi na imisebenzi yomntu olawula ukuhamba ngaphaya kwemiqathango eyanciphisa ingqalelo yakhe, yakha zombini izinto zokomoya nezinto eziphathekayo, okokuthi, ngokufanelekileyo, kunenxaxheba ekuphuhlisweni kwembali kunye nenkqubela phambili.
- Umsebenzi ukwanelisa iimfuno zendalo, kunye nenkcubeko, ukoma ulwazi, njl njl.
- Unomntu ovelisayo. Ngoko ke, ekusebenziseni, umntu udala zonke iindlela ezintsha neendlela ezintsha, uncedise ukwanelisa iimfuno zakhe.
Kwiingcamango zomsebenzi, kukholelwa ukuba ukuqonda kungqinelana ngokungahambisani nomsebenzi wabantu. Yiyo yokugqibela eyenza okokuqala, kodwa kungekudala. Ngoko, isazi sengqondo sengqondo uM. Basov sicebisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuziphatha, ukuqonda kwafakwa kwisakhiwo sayo. Ngokombono wakhe, umsebenzi uluhlu lweendlela, izenzo ezihlukeneyo ezingenakunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo ngomsebenzi. Ingxaki ebalulekileyo yale ndlela i-Basov yabona kokubili ukubunjwa nokuphuhliswa kwemisebenzi.
Imigaqo yendlela yokusebenza kwengqondo
USubinshtein, omnye wabasunguli besikolo saseSoviet esenza umsebenzi, ekuthembela kwiingcamango zefilosofi kaMarx noWygotsky, wabumba umgaqo-siseko owona mgaqo-siseko. Kuthetha ukuba kuphela kwintsebenzo, kokubili ukuqonda komntu kunye nesimo sakhe sengqondo bazalwa kwaye baqulunqwa kwaye babonakaliswa kulo msebenzi. Ngamanye amazwi, akukho mqondo ukuhlalutya, ukuqwalasela i-psyche in isolation. I-Rubinshtein ibona iphosakeleyo kwiimfundiso zabaziphatha ngokuziphatha (abaye bafunda umsebenzi) ukuba baqhube phambili kwizinto eziphilayo.
Indlela yokusebenza kwi-psychology yobuntu
Abaxhasi bale ndlela baxela ukuba ubuntu bomntu ngamnye buboniswa kumsebenzi wenjongo, oko kukuthi, kwisimo sakhe sengqondo kwihlabathi. Kulo lonke ubomi bakhe, umntu uthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Oku kubangelwa ulwalamano lwentlalo apho ludibene khona kwiimeko zobomi. Abanye babo baba zigqibo ebomini bakhe. Le yintloko yomntu wonke.
Ngaloo ndlela, ngokwe-A. Leontiev, kwingqondo, kwi-personality-activity approach, isakhiwo somntu si:
- ubudlelwane boluntu kunye nehlabathi, ezidalwe ngokuhambelana kweenjongo kunye nezenzo zangaphakathi;
- udibaniso oluhlukileyo olwenziwa ngokuhlanganisana kwemisebenzi.
Indlela yokusebenza kwenkqubo kwengqondo
Yona isiseko semigangatho, ubungakanani bohlobo lwezesayensi jikelele, imigaqo. Isiseko salo sisekuhleni ukuba uhlalutyo lweempawu zomntu kufuneka luqhutyelwe, ngokusekelwe kuloo miqathango, isakhelo senkqubo apho kufike ngexesha lokufunda. Le ndlela ibona ubunikazi bomntu ngamnye njengento ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo:
- iinkqubo zezinto eziphilayo;
- inkqubo yoluntu;
- kwisicwangciso-yesicwangciso-mlando.