Ngaba wakha wacinga indlela yokukhulisa amakhowe kweli lizwe? Izandi eziyingozi? Ngoko kunjalo. Okwangoku kuphela owenza oku. Nangona kunjalo, kutheni ungazami umsebenzi omtsha, kukho okungakumbi ukuba ayifuni amanxeba amaninzi emali, akukho mizamo ebalulekileyo. Kule meko, uya kuba nako ukuvuna izityalo ezingenakunqununu ngaphandle kokuncintisana kwabathathi bee-mushroom kunye nohambo olunzima kwihlathi. Xa ufunde kakuhle igalelo elitsha lokulima, unako ukubeka isivuno sakho sithengiswe.
Indlela yokutshala ama-mushroom kwilizwe?
Zininzi iindlela ezisisiseko zokutshala amakhowe kweli lizwe:
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe-mycelium ethathwe ehlathini. Ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa kwamakhowe ehlathini, waqaphela ukuba i-fungi ikhula ngokufutshane kwimithi. Kule ndawo indawo yomhlaba ihlanganiswe kunye ne-mycelium yabo. Konke okufuneka ukwenze ukutshintsha ngokucokisekileyo isiqephu sale mycelium kwisiza sakho. Kwi-dacha yokusabalalisa i-mycelium, kufuneka wenze izimo ezifana neemeko zokukhula kwama-mushroom ehlathini, ukusuka apho wazizisa khona. Uzakufuna isigxina esikhethekileyo, inxaxheba yinto enokuthi i-sawdust kunye ne-straw. Emva kokubeka i-mycelium kwiplani ekhethiweyo yomyezo, kuyimfuneko ukuyigubungela ngotshani kunye nokunyamekela ukuhamba kakuhle kwayo. Kwiiveki ezingama-2-3 uya kufumana isivuno sakho sokuqala.
- Ukutshintshela kwi-dacha yomthi onama-mushroom one-HIV (i-chocks, hemp). Le ndlela ayiqhelekanga. Kwakungafuneki umgudu omkhulu. Ingxaki kuphela eyona nto ingokudluliswa kweefungi ezilungileyo kuphela, kodwa zinobutyhefu. Oku kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokuthe ngqo. Endaweni apho uceba ukubeka isitshixo okanye ingosi, kufuneka udale izimo ezintle kakhulu kwiimakhowe-ukuthungca, ukunyusa.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwama-spores kumakhowa omisiwe. Ngenxa yoko kuyimfuneko ukuqokelela iinqanawa zama-mushroom ehlathini, ziwomise, zityumle kwaye ziwahlakazelele kwiqhinga lawo. Ukukhahlaza komhlaba ngokukhawuleza kuya kunika iziphumo zalo - amakhowe aza kuqala ukuvela kwi-dacha yakho.
Izixhobo zokukhusela amakhowe
Amakhowe e-Oyster, athengiswa kwiivenkile unyaka wonke, akhuliswa yindlela yokuvelisa ngobuninzi kwizithuba ezizodwa. Unokukwazi ukuzalisa ukuzalana kwazo kwiimeko kunye neenqwelo ezincinci okanye i-cellar. Omnye wenza ishishini elisekelwe ekhaya, kwaye abanye banokwaneleyo ukubonelela bona kunye nabo bonke abathandekayo babo ngama-mushroom ukuze basebenzise. Indlela yokukhulisa amakhowe kwilizwe?
Isetyenzisiwe sokukhusela amakhowe zifana nale:
- i-substrate eququzelelwe ngotshani, i-sawdust yeemveliso ezingezona i-coniferous, iipelisi ezivela kwimbewu, zichithwe kwi-trash kwaye zixutywe ngamanzi ashushu;
- iipokethi ze-polyethylene ezineemingxuma nganye 10-15 cm, apho i-substrate elungiselelwe isetyenziswe khona;
- i-mushroom mycelium, ekufuneka ibekwe kwizikhwama phakathi kweendlela ze-substrate.
Ziziphi iimakhowa ezinokutsalwa kweli lizwe?
Phantse nawaphi na ama-mushroom amahlathi angaphuhliswa ngempumelelo kwindawo yabo. Amakhowe aqhelekileyo kweli lizwe:
- thumba;
- fungus emhlophe;
- poderezozovik;
- ioli;
- ebomvu.
Indlela yokukhusela ama-mushroom amakhowe?
Ama-champignon angakhula kwiingxowa, iibhokisi, ebhedini. Ukuvuna okucebileyo kuya kuvelisa ukulima kwiimeko ezizenzekelayo, oko kukuthi, kwiingxowa okanye kwiibhokisi. Ukongezelela, ngoko unako ukulawula kakuhle izifo kunye nezidalwa ezinambuzane. Ngoko, kumbuzo wendlela engcono yokukhusela amakhowe ekhaya, impendulo kukudala izimo ezifanelekileyo ngaphakathi.
Ukukhulisa amakhowe e-straw elula okanye i-sawdust substrate ayiyi kukwanela. Uzakufuna umququzeleli ophezulu, oququzelele i-perepremshuyu utshani kunye nembewu ye-rye okanye ingqolowa. Ingathengwa kwimibutho yezolimo. Kuyo, kufuneka udibanise umgquba wehashe (ukuya kwi-80% yexabiso) okanye i-mullein. Iimvumba ezifanelekileyo zeentaka, kodwa isivuno samakhowe siya kuba sezantsi. Kule substrate, i-mycelium ifakwe kwisantya se-400-500 g nganye ngomitha we square.
Ngoko, njani ukukhusela amakhowe kweli lizwe? Ukubeka i-mycelium kwiingxowa nge-substrate, kufuneka ulinde iintsuku ezi-3, uze wenze i-5-6 slots kwisikhwama ngasinye kwaye ushiye ebumnyameni kwiqondo lokushisa lika-18-20 ° C. Sekudlulileyo emva kweveki ezi-2-3 kwiindawo zokubakho ziza kubakho ii-mushroom zokuqala. Ngeli nqanaba, kufuneka udlulise iibhegi ukuya kwigumbi elikhanyayo kunye ne-clock-clock ekhanyayo ngo-20-27 ° C kunye nomswakama ophezulu (70-95%). Iimpawu ze-Champignon ziza kukhula zibe zikhulu ngokufanelekileyo kwiiveki ezi-3-4. Ukuqokelela isivuno sabo, kufuneka uhambise iingxowa kwikamelo elimnyama, apho ziya kuqala ukukhula kwakhona emva kweveki.
Ukukhula kwamakhowe amhlophe kweli lizwe
Inkosi yama-mushroom ephumelelayo ikhula kwinqanaba elilungiselelwe kakuhle. Indlela yokukhulisa la ma-mushroom kwilizwe? Ukuze ukhulise, ungasebenzisa enye yezindlela ezichazwe ngasentla - ukufakelwa kwe-mycelium, ukutshala kwe-mycelium (kuquka ukuthengwa kwe-mycelium), ukusabalalisa i-spores. Ezi zinkuni zehlathi ezihle kakhulu kwi-dacha zikhula kufuphi nemithi, apho kufuneka ususe umgama wesigidi semitha yomhlaba ukuze unqumbe umquba, ubeke imbewu, i-mycelium okanye i-mycelium kwaye uwagubungele ngamacembe. Isayithi kunye ne-mycelium kufuneka ihlaziywe ngamaxesha. Ebusika, i-mycelium imele ifakwe kunye nomgquba kwaye ifakwe ifilimu ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Indlela yokukhulisa ama-mushroom ama-oyster kweli lizwe?
Ukulima kwe- veshenok uzakufuna isethi, echazwe ngasentla (substrate, mycelium kunye neengxowa). Umbuzo uhlala uvulekile: indlela yokukhusela ama-mushroom, yiphi igumbi elingcono ukuba baxhobe, njani ukuwahambisa, njl njl. Igumbi lenkukhu kufuneka livaliwe, limnyama, libe neqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwama-22-25 ° C kunye ne-humidity malunga nama-95%. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-20 ukuya ku-30 emva kokuqala kokulima, iqondo lokushisa kwigumbi kufuneka linciphise libe ngu-12-18 ° C.
Ukufudumala kunye nokunyanzelekayo yimiqathango ebalulekileyo yokunyusa ama-mushroom ama-oyster. Ukwenza oku, unokubeka ibhakethi lamanzi kwigumbi uze ufake ifowuni. Ukukhanyisa iiyure eziyi-12 ngosuku kunokubonelelwa ngezibane zeplawurescent. Emva kokuqokelela izivuno ezimbini ze-oyster amakhowe avela kwisigxoba esisodwa, i-substrate kufuneka ithathe indawo. Izinga lokuvelisa kwi-kg ye-substrate eyi-3 kg yee-mushroom. Ngonyaka, ukufakwa endaweni ye-substrate ngamaxesha angama-4-5 ngokuqhelekileyo. Kuvela ukuba kuyo yonke imitha yemitha ye-mushroom "isityalo" ungaqokelela malunga ne-80-100 kg yamakhowe.
Ukukhula kwama-chanterelles kweli lizwe
Indlela yokukhulisa i- chanterelles kwilizwe - ucela. Ukwenza oku, udinga i-mycelium ehluma kwiingcambu kufuphi nemithi ekhulayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-oki okanye i-beech. Imizamo yokwenza "abahlobo" i-chanterelles kunye nemithi yasimiyezo iya kutshabalaliswa. Ukuba awunayo umthi ofanelekileyo, kuya kufuneka utyala. Kungcono ukuthatha ihlathi umthi omncinane kunye ne-mycelium ekulungeleyo kwiingcambu. Xa umba umthi, ubambe i-15-20 cm yomhlaba kunye ne-coniferous litter. Ukutyala umthi onjalo kwi-penumbra, umbonelele ngamanzi rhoqo. Ukongezelela, akudingekile ukuba umququze umhlaba - zonke i-chanterelles eziyimfuneko ziza kuthatha kwiingcambu zomthi.
Ukukhula kwamafutha enarheni
Kukulungele ukuzala le fungus ngendlela yokukhethwa kwamakhowe. Zivame ukuba zikhule phakathi kweemithi ezincinci - le ndawo yindawo yomhlaba wehlathi omele uyidlulisele kwi-dacha yakho. Indlela yokukhulisa ibhotela kwi-cottage: la ma-mushroom kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba ucebile kwisiqhekeza. Ukukhanyiswa kwesayithi ekhethiweyo yokutyala kufuneka kube ngokumodareyitha, ngelanga elingaqondile. Ngexesha elimeleyo, umbhede weoliyeli kufuneka uphuzise ngokubanzi. Isivuno sokuqala siya kuvela emva kweminyaka emithathu.
I-Opencki kwi-cottage
Ukuba unomtsha kwimibandela yendlela yokuzalisa amakhowe kweli lizwe, qalisa ngokuhluma okulula. Ehlathini, zikhula kwiintonga kunye nezigodo ezibolile. Kufuneka udlulisele into esuka kule ndawo ukuya kwindawo yakho. Enye inketho ukuhlwayela i-mycelium kwisiqu sokuquba esikulo myezo. I-Optimum, ukuba isisityambo se-beech, aspen, ipoplar, i-willow, i-oki okanye i-ash. Indawo yokulima yabo kufuneka ibe yindoda kunye neleyo. Ukuvuna kokuqala emva kokutyala i-mycelium kulindeleke emva kweminyaka emi-1-2.