Ngexesha lokudalwa kwetafile zexesha, i-germanium yayingakavulwa, kodwa uMendeleev wayichaza ukuba khona kwayo. Kwaye emva kweminyaka engama-15 emva kwengxelo, i-mineral engaziwa yafunyanwa kwenye yeemigodi yaseFreiberg, ngowe-1886 inqaku elitsha lachongwa kuyo. UMerit ungowesi-kistani saseJalimane uWinkler, owanikezela eli lizwe igama lakhe. Ngaphandle kwezinto ezininzi ezincedo ze-germanium, phakathi kwazo kwakukho indawo kunye nokunyanga, yayisetyenziswa kuphela ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, kwaye ayikusebenza. Ngoko ke, ngoku ngoku akunakutsholwa ukuba le nto iye yafundwa kakuhle, kodwa ezinye zamakhono azo sele zibonakaliswe kwaye zisebenzise ngempumelelo.
Ukuphilisa izakhiwo ze-germanium
Ngendlela yayo ecocekileyo, loo nto ayikho, ukwabiwa kwayo kuyabunzima, ngoko kwithuba lokuqala lafakwa endaweni ephantsi. Ekuqaleni yayisetyenziswe kwiidayidi kunye nabajikelezi, kodwa i-silicon yayilungele kwaye ifikeleleke, ngoko isifundo seemichiza ze-germanium saqhubeka. Ngoku iyingxenye yamathambo e-thermoelectric asetyenziswa kumadivayisi e-microwave, ubuchwepheshe be-infrared.
Amachiza ayenomdla kwinqanaba elitsha, kodwa umphumo obalulekileyo wafunyanwa kuphela kwiminyaka engama-70 yexesha elidlulileyo leminyaka. Iingcali zaseJapan zakwazi ukufumana iimpawu zonyango ze-germanium kunye nokucacisa iindlela zesicelo sabo. Emva kokuvavanywa kwezilwanyana kunye nokuqwalaselwa kweklinikhi yempembelelo ebantwini, kwafunyaniswa ukuba le nto iyakwazi:
- khuthaza u khuselo ;
- ukuhambisa i-oksijini kwizicubu;
- ukulwa nezicubu;
- ukwandisa ukuqhutyelwa kweentsholongwane zentliziyo.
Ubunzima bokusetyenziswa yi-toxicity ye-germanium kumanqanaba amakhulu, ngoko ke kwakufuneka isilwanyana sibe nefuthe elihle kwiinkqubo ezithile emzimbeni onobungozi obuncinane. Iyokuqala yayiyi "Germanium-132", eyinceda ukuphucula isimo somzimba womzimba, inceda ukuphepha ukungabi nciphiso kwe-oksijeni xa kwenzeka i-hemoglobin. Kwakhona, iimvavanyo zibonise umphumo wequmrhu ekuveliseni i-interferons ezixhathisa ukuhlula ngokukhawuleza (isisu). Inzuzo iboniswa kuphela xa ilawulwa ngaphakathi, ukugqoka iingubo nge-germanium ayiyi kuba nempembelelo.
Ukungabikho kwe-germanium kunciphisa amandla okwemvelo omzimba ukuxhathisa iimpembelelo zangaphandle, ezikhokelela ekuchaseni ezahlukeneyo. Umthamo wemihla ngemihla ukhuthazwa ngu-0.8-1.5 mg. Unokufumana into eyimfuneko ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo kweebisi, i-salmon, ijusi yetamatisi , amakhowe, igalikhi kunye neembotyi.