Ngokusebenzisa i- Ethiopia, kukho inkqubo ephosakeleyo ye-East African fault system-enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Iquka ukukhutshwa kweemitha-mlilo ezingama-60 ezadlulayo kwiminyaka eyi-10 edluleyo. Ngelo xesha, i-Afar ingxenye ye-rift iquka iziqhwithi ze-volcano e-Ethiopia, eziqhutyelwayo ngoku okanye ziye zaphuphuma ngokutsha.
Iziqhwithi ezidume kakhulu zaseTopiya
Ukuhamba ngokugqithiseleyo ngeenxa zonke kweli lizwe kubandakanya ukuhambela ubuncinane i-volcano enye ukusuka kuhlu lwezona ziwayo:
Ngokusebenzisa i- Ethiopia, kukho inkqubo ephosakeleyo ye-East African fault system-enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Iquka ukukhutshwa kweemitha-mlilo ezingama-60 ezadlulayo kwiminyaka eyi-10 edluleyo. Ngelo xesha, i-Afar ingxenye ye-rift iquka iziqhwithi ze-volcano e-Ethiopia, eziqhutyelwayo ngoku okanye ziye zaphuphuma ngokutsha.
Iziqhwithi ezidume kakhulu zaseTopiya
Ukuhamba ngokugqithiseleyo ngeenxa zonke kweli lizwe kubandakanya ukuhambela ubuncinane i-volcano enye ukusuka kuhlu lwezona ziwayo:
- I-Erta Ale i-volcano e-Ethiopia iyona edumileyo. Ikhupha phantse rhoqo. Ukugqibela kokuqhuma kwayo kwenzeka ngo-2007. Idume ngamachibi ayo omlambo, awamabini. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-lava ihlala ishisa kwi-crater. Ukuba i-crust ibonakala phezu kommandla weli libi, liwela phantsi kobunzima balo kwi-lava, ebangela ukuphahlazeka kwingozi kwindawo.
- Dallall . Igama le ntaba lithetha "ukuchithwa" okanye "ukubola". Ingqonge yalo ifana neJongstone Park kunye nemithombo yayo eshushu. UDallall ungomnye wemimandla ekhangayo kakhulu kwihlabathi. Ummandla omkhulu uphelelwe ngetyuwa enomsila: omhlophe, obomvu, obomvu, ophuzi, obomvu, omnyama. Kukholelwa ukuba le yindawo echasa kakhulu emhlabeni, amaqondo okushisa anyaka-mali apha angaphezu kwe-30 ° С. Ukunyuka kwabakhenkethi kwanda ngonyaka, kodwa ezi ndawo ziyingozi kakhulu. Iigesi ezinobuthi zikhutshwa apha kwaye zihlala zisongela ukudibana kunye nama-acid.
- Adua. Eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-Adva, le ntaba e-Ethiopia itholakala kwingxenyeni esezantsi ye-Afar esifundeni. Ukuqubuka kokugqibela kubhalwe ngo-2009. Ubungakanani bendawo ye-caldera yi-4x5 km. Ukugqithisa okukhulu kwe-lava basaltic igubuzele iintaba zeentaba. Amatye apha apha yi-volcanic, enobungakanani obufanelekileyo, abafanelekayo kubakhenkethi abathanda ukunyuka. Apha unako ukunyuka ukuya kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-300 m, kwaye ukuba uyayifunayo-kwaye u-400 m.
- Corbetti. I-volcano ikhona kwingingqi yaseAfar yase-Ethiopia. Olu luphawu olusebenzayo lwe-stratovolcano. Ukugqitywa kokugqibela kwaphazamisa ngo-1989 kwaye kwabhubhisa iindidi ezikufutshane kunye namabhuloho, kwaye ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100 edluleyo kwakukho ukuqhuma kwe-20.
- Chilalo-Terara. Kuyi-volcano engapheliyo ekupheleni kwe-Ethiopia. Intaba ine-elliptical base kunye nemithambeka emnene ephakama ukuya kuphakama ngaphezu kwe-1500 m. Phezulu kukho i-caldera enkulu, ecishe ibe yintsyhula ene-6 km.
- Alutu. I-volcano iphakathi kwamachibi eZwei kunye neLano e-Ethiopia. Inomxhasi oxhasayo ophezulu malunga neekhilomitha ezili-15 ubude kwaye inxalenye yebhanji leWonji kwingxenye ephambili yecala laseTopiya. I-volcano ine-craters eziliqela ukuya kwi-1 km ububanzi, ekhoyo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Ngethuba lokuqhuma, i-Alutu yaxotha i-ash ash, ipumice kunye ne-basalt lava flow. Ukugqitywa kokugqibela bekuyiminyaka engama-2000 edlulileyo, kodwa kungekudala kukho ukuzamazama komhlaba okuphakade.
Kuloluphi ulungelelaniso ukutyelela i-volcano yaseTopiya?
Ukuba kukho umnqweno wokutyelela iinthaba-mlilo, ngoko, kufuneka uqale nge-Erta Ale. Kuye kwenziwa iindlela ezivela kwi- Addis Ababa naseMakele. Abakhenkethi ngokukhawuleza banokuhlala balala ebusuku ezintenteni kwiindawo ezinqabileyo.
Oku kulandelayo ukutyelela uDallall. Umfanekiso onjalo omnandi kunzima ukufumana kwenye indawo.
Eminye iminyabiva inengqiqo ukutyelela ukuba ufuna ukubandakanya ukutyelela kweentaba okanye uphando lwezesayensi.