Ukuqala kusengaphambili ngumntwana owazalwa phakathi kweeyure ezingama-22 neye-38 zokukhulelwa. Isisindo sawo sisuka kwisiqingatha kilogram ukuya kweekhilogram ezimbini. Kukho amadidi amane ekungcoliswanga komntwana, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu bayo ekuzalweni:
- Umgangatho wokuqala: 2000-2500 g;
- yesibini: 1500 - 2000 g;
- lwesithathu: 1000-1500 g;
- wesine: kufika ku-1000g.
Isibonakaliso esibalulekileyo yinyanga yokukhulelwa, xa umntwana ezalwa. Ukususela kumaxesha ahlukeneyo ekukhulelweni, usezigaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lwe-intrauterine.
Akusiyo imfihlelo yokuba umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa akahambisani kakuhle neemeko zangaphandle, ezathi zingayichaphazela kakhulu uphuhliso lwalo ngaphandle kwesisu somama. Nantsi into echazwe ngayo:
- Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa zizalwe nge-burgundy kunye nesikhumba esikhanyayo. Oku, ngokubhekiselele, kubonisa ukuba umntwana akazange akhulise umgca we-fat layer. Ezi ntwana zikhangeleka "amadoda amadala" ngenxa yokuba isikhumba sabo asibunelwanga ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni idlula.
- Umntwana osengumntwana usengozini kakhulu. Emva kweentsuku ezimbini zokuqala zobomi, unokuhlakulela i-jaundice yezinto eziphilayo, ezinokuthi zichazwe ngakumbi iintsana ezisengaphambili, kwaye ixesha lide. Ukongezelela, kunokudala umonakalo kwiiseli zobuchopho.
- Iimpawu zokuphuhliswa kweentsana zangaphambi komzimba zinjalo ukuba umzimba wabo awuyi kuphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo: izitya kunye nezitho zangaphakathi zijongwa. Kwaye amathambo angaphambili awakhiwe ngokungafaniyo, ngokungafani nabantwana abazalelwe "nje kwishedyuli". Ngoko ke, intloko inkulu kakhulu ngobukhulu kwaye inomfanekiso ohlukileyo. Ukuphefumula kukhawuleza kwaye kungalingani, nto leyo inokumisa nayiphi na inqanaba. Kuphela emva kwenyanga kunye nesiqingatha umntwana uqala ukuqonda umthwalo kwiimisipha, kwaye ukuphefumula kuvamise kwaye kuya kuzinza.
- Ukuphuhliswa kweintsana zangaphambi kwexesha kufuna ukuthobela ngokuthe ngqo kwimithetho kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo. Abazange baqulunqe ngokupheleleyo inkqubo ye-nervous, ngoko umntwana usweleke kakhulu kwiingcamango zokuzalwa (umzekelo, akakwazi ukugwinya). Ngoko ke, ukutya kwayo kuveliswa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezizodwa. Abantwana besigaba sesithathu nesesine sokungcoliswa kwemvelo baxhomekeke kwiingozi ezizodwa. Ngokomzekelo, umbono wabo ungasongela.
Umntwana osandul 'ukuqala ufuna ubisi lomama ukuphuhliswa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umqobo omkhulu: kweli nqanaba lokukhulelwa, ubisi alubonakali. Ngoko ke, oomama baya kwiinkqubo ezikhethekileyo kwaye bavuselela ubisi. Kutheni kubalulekile ukuba ubisi lukanina? Ukubunjwa kwalo kuyingqayizivele kwaye kulungele umntwana. Ngoko ke, ekuphuhliseni umntwana osanda kuzalwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukondla ubisi lwe-mother, ngakumbi kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala zobomi.
Ukuphuhliswa kwengane ngaphambi kweenyanga
Ukuphuhliswa kwexesha elibelekileyo lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ngeenyanga. Kukho izikhombisi ezisetyenziselwe ukuba umntwana ayenze ukuze aqhubeke ephila ngaphandle kweengxaki kunye nokungaphumeleli emzimbeni. Amanyathelo okuphuhliswa kwengane engaphambi kweenyanga zifumaneka kwitafile yokuphuhliswa kwengane engekafiki. Ikhutshwe ngezantsi kwaye ibonakalisa ezinjalo iimpawu zokuphuhliswa kweintsana ezingaphambi kwexesha njengobunzima bayo nokuphakama, kuxhomekeke kwinyanga yokuphila, kunye neqondo lokungcoliswa kwangaphambili.
| Ubudala | Umgangatho wokungcoliswa kwangaphambili | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IV (800-1000 g) | III (1001-1500 g) | II (1501-2000 g) | (2001-2500 g) | |||||
| Ubunzima, g | Ubude, cm | Ubunzima, g | Ubude, cm | Ubunzima, g | Ubude, cm | Ubunzima, g | Ubude, cm | |
| 1 | 180 | 3.9 | 190 | 3.7 | 190 | 3.8 | 300 | 3.7 |
| 2 | 400 | 3.5 | 650 | 4 | 700-800 | 3.9 | 800 | 3.6 |
| 3 | 600-700 | 2.5 | 600-700 | 4.2 | 700-800 | 3.6 | 700-800 | 3.6 |
| 4 | 600 | 3.5 | 600-700 | 3.7 | 600-900 | 3.8 | 700-900 | 3.3 |
| 5 | 650 | 3.7 | 750 | 3.6 | 800 | 3.3 | 700 | 2.3 |
| 6 | 750 | 3.7 | 800 | 2.8 | 700 | 2.3 | 700 | 2 |
| Wesi-7 | 500 | 2.5 | 950 | 3 | 600 | 2.3 | 700 | 1.6 |
| 8 | 500 | 2.5 | 600 | 1.6 | 700 | 1.8 | 700 | 1.5 |
| 9 | 500 | 1.5 | 600 | 1.6 | 700 | 1.8 | 700 | 1.5 |
| 10 | 450 | 2.5 | 500 | 1.7 | 400 | 0.8 | 400 | 1.5 |
| 11 | 500 | 2.2 | 300 | 0.6 | 500 | 0.9 | 400 | 1.0 |
| 12 | 450 | 1.7 | 350 | 1.2 | 400 | 1.5 | 300 | 1.2 |
| 1 unyaka, ubunzima | ≈ 7080 | ≈ 8450 | ≈ 8650 | ≈ 9450 | ||||
Ukuba ugcina zonke iimpawu zokuphuhliswa kweentsana ezingekafiki, ukuphuhliswa kwazo kunyaka kuya kudlula ngokwemiqathango yezinto eziphilayo kunye neengxaki ezikhethekileyo.
Uphuhliso lwe-psychomotor of baby premature luxhomekeke oogqirha kunye neemeko ezungeze umntwana. Ekubeni engazange avelise i-reflexes, kunye nenkqubo yesifo, ngumsebenzi wezogqirha ukudala imimiselo enokuthi uphuhliso lwazo zonke iindawo zomzimba lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kunye neengxaki ezinzima.