Uninzi lwabantu lubheka umdlavuza wamaphaphu kuba sisifo esibi kakhulu seenkqubo zokuphefumula. Kukho ukukhubazeka okufanayo kwingozi, engaxhunyiwe kwi-oncology - iCOPD. Iyabathinta abafazi kunye namadoda, ngokuqhubekayo kuqhubeka, kunzima ukunyanga, kubangela iingxaki ezingapheliyo kwaye ziphelela ekufeni kwangaphambi komntu.
I-COPD - yintoni na isifo?
Esi sihlomelo sibhekisela kwizifo ezingapheliyo zokuphefumula. Le yintlupheko yokuzimela, ebonakaliswa ngumda wokungena kwemimoya kwindlela yokuhamba. Isifo esinjalo asiphatywanga ngokupheleleyo, unyango lunceda kuphela ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokunyuka kancinci ixesha lokuphila, kodwa le ngxaki iyaqhubeka iqhubeka, kwaye unyaka wonke kuba nzima kunomntu ukuphefumula.
Ulwahlulo lweCOPD
Kukho iintlobo ezi-3 zokwahlukana kwentsholongwane. Umntu wokuqala uqikelela ukuba yeyiphi isifo se-clinical chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - i-emphysema okanye i-bronchitis eyenzekayo. Ukwahlulo lwesibini luqhutyelwa kwisigaba sesifo (ukuxolelwa kunye nokucima amandla). Umqathango wesithathu wokuqulunqwa komlinganiselo we-COPD:
- kukhanya;
- umyinge;
- bunzima;
- nzima kakhulu.
Iziphumo zeCOPD
Iingxaki ezichazweyo zikhutshiswa ngokuvuselelwa kwamathishu emiphunga kunye neendidi ezininzi ze-pathogenic, i-gases kunye ne-toxins. Kulula ukuhlala nesi sifo, ukuba uyayiqonda intsingiselo yeCOPD - ukuba yintoni, indlela yokuphathwa ngayo. Inkqubo yokuvuvukala iqala kwiimbranchi ezinobumba. I-Slime ikhutshwe ngexabiso elongeziweyo kwaye iba yinto ekhangelekayo. Kamva, usulelo luyabandakanyeka, kwaye ukuvuvukala kwanda kwi-bronchi, i-alveoli kunye ne-bronchioles, isifo se-lungum sikhula i-COPD.
Isizathu esibalulekileyo (malunga nama-90% amatyala) enkqubo zibhema iimveliso zecuba, ngokukodwa ixesha elide. Ezinye izinto ezibangela iCOPD zi:
- uzuzo lwezinto;
- ukutshatyalaliswa komsi wocuba ( ukutshaya ukutshaya );
- umsebenzi wobugcisa;
- Umoya ongcolileyo emoyeni okanye kwindawo yokuhlala;
- izifo zokuphefumla rhoqo ebuntwaneni, ingakumbi ukuba zingaphathwa kakuhle.
Iimpawu zeCOPD
Umfanekiso weklinikhi uxhomekeke kwisigaba se-pathology. Ephakamileyo ubunzima, imininzi impawu zeCOPD. Isifo esinezifo sinesithathu esithile seempawu ezinjalo:
- ukukhwehlela;
- ukuveliswa kweputum;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane .
COPD - ubunzima
Isigaba sokunyuka kwesifo sifumaneka ngomoya we-spirometry, ngokomlinganiselo wokuphelelwa ngunyanzeliso kwisigxina se-1 (FEV1), umthamo obalulekileyo wemiphunga (ZHEL) kunye nobukho be-picture echazwe ngasentla. Izigaba zeCOPD zibonakaliswe ziimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Kulula - umsebenzi wokuphefumula ungadluli, kodwa ii-indives ze-FEV1 ne-ZHEL zisondele ngokuqhelekileyo. Ukukhulelwa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-sputum akukho okanye kubuthakathaka kakhulu, uphathwe ngempumelelo.
- Umlinganiselo - ukuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo kumsebenzi wokuphefumula, okuqinisekiswa yimiphumo ye-spirometry (i-FEV1 ngaphantsi kwe-80% yesiqhelo, umlinganiselo wayo ku-GEL ungaphantsi kwe-70% yexabiso elifanelekileyo). Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukukhohlela kunye nokukhululwa kwe-sputum ne-dyspnea.
- Ubunzima -ukuphazamiseka okukhulu komsebenzi wokuphefumula, i-FEV1 ngaphantsi kwe-50% yezinga eliqhelekileyo. Kukho udidi lweempawu ezithile ezinzima ukunyanga.
- Unzima kakhulu - ukunyanzeliswa kokuphefumula kuyaqhubeka. Yonke imiqondiso ye-pathology igcinwa phantse rhoqo.
Ukhuhlane ngeCOPD
Isiqalo sokuqala sokukhupha umoya, kodwa izigulane zihlala zingayithobeli. Ukungahoywa kungenxa yokungabi nolwazi oluncinane lweCOPD - oko kukuthi, ukuphathwa njani kwaye kubonakaliswe. Xa ukutshaya ukukhwehlela kuthathwa njengalindelekileyo "umphumo wecala", ngoko ke abalandeli beemveliso zecuba abafaki ukubaluleka kuyo. Kwizigaba zokuqala, eli phawu lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko i-pathology iqhubeka, ukukhwehlela kuya kuba rhoqo ukuya kuhlaselo lwemihla ngemihla.
Ukuba isiganga sesifo sifumanekile, i-phlegm kwiCOPD iveliswa ngexabiso elincinci. Kubuhlungu, kubuhlungu kwaye kunzima ukugxotha, ababhemayo banokuvumba. Kwizigaba ezinzima kakhulu zeCOPD eso sibonakaliso siyaqina kwaye siphathwe kakubi. I-Sputum idityaniswe kakhulu kwaye yonke inkomfa yokukhwehlela. Kwezinye izigulane, iqulethe i-pus, oku kubonisa intsholongwane kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwezifo. Ngaphandle kwenyuka kwakhona, i-mucus iveliswa ngexabiso elincinci.
Dyspnoea kunye neCOPD
Esi simboko sesi sifo asibhekiseli kwimimiselo yokuqala yomqobo. UDyspnea iyenzeka malunga neminyaka eyi-10 emva kokuqala kokukhwehlela. Okokuqala, kuboniswa kuphela ngokuphindaphinda kwe-COPD - ukwanda, ngokukodwa ngosuleleko oluqhotyoshelweyo, kubangela ukungonakaliswa okubukhali kwimisebenzi yokuphefumula. Kwimigangatho ekupheleni kwe-dyspnea ibonakala rhoqo, kunzima ukuphathwa. Ukuchonga amadididi athile alo mqondiso kuxhomekeke kwixesha eliqhelekileyo lenzeke:
- 0 - kuphela kwimvelaphi yokugqithisa ngokomzimba;
- 1 - ngokuhamba ngokukhawuleza nokuphakamisa;
- 2 - nangona nyathelo elikhawulezayo;
- 3 - kunzima ukuphefumula ngexesha lokuhamba, kufuneka umise yonke imitha eyi-100;
- 4 - ngokunyaniseka komzimba (ukuguqula, ukuhlamba kwisitya).
Ukuxilongwa kweCOPD
Udokotela-pulmonologist unokuqinisekisa ubungqina besifo esichazwe. Kubalulekile ukwahlula ukuxilongwa kweCOPD kunye ne-asthma ye-bronchial. Ezi zifo zineklinikhi efana neklinikhi, ngakumbi kwiindawo zokuqala zophuhliso. Ukuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunceda ukuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo iCOPD - oko kukuthi, indlela yokuphathwa ngayo, ngenxa yento eyenziwa ngayo. Ukuqinisekisa isi sifo, i-laboratory elandelayo, uphando lwezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo:
- uhlalutyo lwe-sputum;
- i-spirometry ;
- ukuzimisela komsebenzi wokuphefumula kwangaphandle;
- vavanyo lwegesi;
- pneumotachography;
- icomputergraphic computer;
- i-radiography yemiphunga ;
- pikfluometriya;
- ukukhawuleza.
COPD - unyango
Ibakala elibalulekileyo kwonyango le-pathology linciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kwayo kwaye kuthintela ukubuyela kwakhona. Ngaphambi kokuba uphathe i-COPD ngemishanguzo, isigulane se-pulmonologist kufuneka sithintele kwimveliso yecuba, ukunciphisa impembelelo yezinto zobugcisa kwindlela yokuphefumula. Le ndlela izokunceda ukunciphisa ukucaphuka kweembranchi ze-bronchi kunye nemiphunga, oku kuya kuba nefuthe elihle kwimisebenzi yokuphefumula.
I-COPD - unyango, iziyobisi
Ulwaphulo lwe-Conservative lukhethwe ngabanye, ngokwemigangatho yesifo, ubunzima beempawu kunye nobunzima bexesha elibi. Ngaphambili, ugqirha kufuneka achazele isiguli imimandla ephambili yokulwa neCOPD - yintoni, indlela yokuphathwa ngayo, yintoni okuya kufuneka ilahle. Ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukuphazamiseka akunakwenzeka, kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu ubukhulu bempawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi okwenene. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwiCOPD:
- Mucolytics. La majelo e-pharmacological athatha inxaxheba ekwenzeni ukukhwabanisa kwe-mucus kwaye iququzelele ukususwa kwayo kwi-bronchi, ekhusela ukuthintela kwintsholongwane yebhaktheriya. I-COPD iphathwa nge-ecolytics ngqo. Amachiza eqela lokuqala elikhankanyiweyo (Trypsin, Chymotrypsin) asebenzisana ne-sputum sele ekhutshiwe, iyanciphisa i-muscus kwaye ikhawuleze ukukhutshwa kwayo. Uhlobo lwesibini lwe-mucolytics (i-Bromhexin, i-Ambroxol) linciphisa ubukhulu be-secret pulmonary secretion. Kukho izidakamizwa ezidibeneyo ezidibanisa zombini iipropati.
- Iibronchodilators (i-bronchodilator). Leo myeza ikhupha i-muscle ehamba phambili yeendonga zomoya, ekhupha i-spasm kwaye ichithe iinkqubo eziphazamisayo. La mayeza afaka iFomoterotol, i-Atrovent, i-Salmeterol, i-Spiriva kunye nabanye.
- Antibiotics. Ngexesha lokuxhatshazwa kwe-COPD, i-mucus iqokelela kwimiphunga kunye ne-bronchi, egalela ekuphuhlisweni kosulelo lwebhaktheriya. Ukuthintela ezi ngxaki, misela i-antibiotic ethile-cephalosporins (isizukulwana sesi-2), i-penicillins, i-clavulanic acid.
- Glucocorticosteroids. Ukuhlaziya ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala ngokuqala ngenkqubo eqinile yokuvuvukala. Uncedwa ngama-hormone, ikakhulukazi i-Prednisolone kunye neempawu zalo ezisetyenziswayo.
- Ama-inhibitors ama-mediator mediator kunye nama-receptors. Uninzi lwe-glucocorticosteroids lunemiphumo emibi, engayichukumisa iingxaki ezingafunekiyo. Ukutshintshwa kwazo, ezi ziyobisi zisetyenzisiweyo -Bheka, iFenspiride.
Inhalation kwiCOPD
Ngokubuyiselwa kwesithintelo, ukuhanjiswa kwexesha eliphuthumayo kwezidakamizwa ezichasayo kunye ne-bronchodilators kwindlela yokuphefumula kuyadingeka ngokukhawuleza ukukhawuleza ukuxhatshazwa. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, unyango lweCOPD luqhutyelwa ngokuyinhloko ngohlobo lokuphuza. I-Glucocorticosteroids kunye nemichiza efanelekileyo ye-bronchodilator ifumaneka ngendlela yefrafa. Ezi zithunywa zonyango ziyakunikwa kuphela yipulmonologist. Ezinye iintlobo ze-inhalation, ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya, azikhuthazwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela ngaphambili.
Ukuzivocavoca ngeCOPD
Ukwenza imisebenzi ekhethekileyo kuyimfuneko:
- ukuphuculwa komoya;
- ukupheliswa kweempawu zokuphefumula okuphefumulayo;
- ukuthintela ukuqokelela ukuxhatshazwa kwendlebe;
- ukuqiniswa kwemisipha yokuphefumula;
- ukupheliswa komonakalo ojikelezayo kwimiphunga.
Gymnastics ku COPD:
- Isikhundla sokuqala - ehleli esihlalweni, ecinezela umqolo wakhe emhlane. Yenza umphefumlo omfutshane kwimpumlo, uphumelele ngokugqithiseleyo ngomlomo ocinezelekileyo.
- Imeko efanayo. Ngenye indlela pha kamisa izandla zakho ukuze uvuselele kwaye ubenciphise xa uxhuma.
- Ikhululekile kwaye ihamba ngokukhawuleza. Gcina umoya ngomzuzwana 1-3. Bhala ngokugqithiseleyo.
- Ukuze ibekwe ngaphaya komhla wesihlalo, ukwehlisa izandla kwicala le-trunk, ngokukhawuleza. Kancinci kancinci kwaye ulungise amahlombe, uphumelele, ubuyele kwindawo yokuqala.
Kukho ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa umsebenzi kwiCOPD:
- nguStrelnikova;
- nguButeyko;
- Tolkachev;
- kwiNeumyvakin.
I-COPD - unyango kunye nezilwanyana zomntu
Iyeza elisemthethweni lithemba ngale ndlela yokwelapha. Ukuqwalasela yonke idatha ekhoyo kwiCOPD - yintoni na, iphathwa njani kwaye iyinkimbinkimbi, iqhubela phambili, ukuphumelela kweendlela zendoda ziphantse zero. Amanye ama-pulmonologists avumela izigulane zabo ukuba zisebenzise ezinye iindlela zokupheka, kodwa emva kokubonisana ngokuzeleyo. Akusoloko kucebise ukusebenzisa iindlela ezingekho zendabuko, ukuba isifo esingapheliyo se-pulmonary disease siphumelele, unyango kunye nezilwanyana zonyango lunokunyusa ukucaphuka kweendonga zomoya kunye nokuvuvukala.
Ukunquma ukukhutshwa kweempawu
Izithako :
- I-Icelandic moss - 20-25 g;
- amanzi - 1 litre.
Ukulungiselela, isicelo
- Dlulisa izinto zokuvelisa ngamanzi abilayo.
- Yizisa ekubiliseni ngokushisa okuphantsi, cima isplate.
- Ukugxininisa kuthetha 30 imizuzu.
- Nciphisa isisombululo.
- Phuza isithathu sevolithi efunyenweyo ngaphambi kokutya, amaxesha amathathu ngosuku.
Ukuxhamla ukukhusela ukubuyela kwakhona
Izithako :
- iilomile iintyatyambo - 100 g;
- i-flaxse - 50 g;
- Inentyantyambo yelime - 100 g;
- i-eucalyptus - 100 g;
- amanzi 250 ml.
Ukulungiselela, isicelo
- Hlanganisa iifom.
- Thela iincandelo ezimbini ze-spoon ngamanzi abilayo.
- Emva kwemizuzu engama-40 yichengise iyeza.
- Phuza 100 ml yesilwanyana 2 ngamaxesha kuphela ngexesha lokuxolelwa.
Iingxaki zeCOPD
Isifo esihlolwe sisinyanga, unyango lunceda kuphela ukuyeka nokunciphisa iimpawu zalo. Ngokukhawuleza kukho imiphumo emibi xa umntu engayazi nantoni na malunga neCOPD - ukuba yintoni, indlela yokuphathwa kakuhle. Ngaphandle kokuba unyango lwezonyango luqhubeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye lubangela utshintsho olungenakuguquka kwindlela yokuphefumula. Isifo sokuphefumula esingapheliyo-isifo se-pulmonary-complications:
- i- polycythemia yesibili;
- pneumonia;
- Intliziyo yesibindi, ukungaphumeleli okukhulu kunye nokuphefumula okungapheliyo;
- pneumomediastinum;
- intliziyo yepilmonari engapheliyo ;
- i-pneumothorax kunye nabanye.
I-COPD - ixesha lokuphila
I-pathology echazwe ngokuqhubekayo iqhubela phambili, ngoko ke ukuxela kwangaphambili ixesha elide libi. Xa ufumanisa i-COPD 3 degrees okanye ngaphezulu, isiguli asihlali siphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-5, ingakumbi ukuba kukho iingxaki zokuphefumula, umntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala okanye izinto ezivusa ukuphindaphinda akupheliswa. Ngezigaba zokuqala zesifo, imbono inethemba elikhulu. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, izigulane ezininzi zeepulologologist zivuyiswa ukuhlangabezana nokuguga, kodwa umgangatho wobomi bawo uhlahloka rhoqo.
Ukukhusela iCOPD
Into ephambili ekufuneka ishiywe, ukwenzela ukuba ingaphuhlisi isifo sokuphazamiseka kwesifo se-pulmonary, oku kutshaya. Awukwazi ukuphefumula owakho okanye umsi womsila womnye umntu. Amanyathelo okukhusela okubandakanya ukwazisa uluntu malunga neCOPD - ukuba yintoni, indlela ephathwa ngayo kwaye inqatshelwe ngayo, yintoni eyenza eso sifo. Ezinye iindlela zokukhusela:
- unyango olusifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo lwe-airway pathologies, izifo;
- ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezenza umsebenzi weCOPD;
- umbutho womoya ophuculisayo kwiindawo zokuhlala, ukuhlambulula umoya;
- ukuqinisa ukukhuselwa kunye nomqathango jikelele womzimba.