Unokutshala inani elikhulu lemifuno kwintsimi yakho. Uncedo kwaye unonwabo yi-broccoli, ukulima nokunyamekela kwindawo evulekileyo elandelwa yimithetho ethile yekhnoloji yezolimo. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokutyala kunye nemibono yazo, ebalulekileyo ekuqwalaseleni, ukuze ihlume iqale.
Ukutshala i-klakishili iklabishi kwindawo evulekile
Ukulima ngokuphumelelayo, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe indawo eyiyo yokufika ngokuchanekileyo. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezinye iintlobo zeklabishi kunye neebhunge akufanele zikhule kwiziko ngaphambili. Ukutshala kwe-broccoli kufuneka kwenziwe kwintsimi ekhanyayo, njengoko le nkcubeko yemifuno ayifuni i-shading yokufakelwa. Kunconywe ukuba kunyuswe umswakama, ngoko ke umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womoya ngu-85%, kunye nomhlaba-75%. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukujikelezwa kwemvelo yomoya.
Ukutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile - imbewu
Izinto zokutyala ziyavunyelwa ukuba zihlanganiswe yodwa okanye zithengwa kwivenkile. Imbewu ihlwayela ukushiya iifampu ezinkulu kuphela. Kukho isicwangciso esithile, indlela yokutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekileyo ngembewu:
- Kubalulekile ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwezinto zokutyala, ngokokuqala ubeke imitha eyi-15-20. emanzini afudumele (ubushushu bo-50 ° C), kwaye ke, nciphise umzuzu ngomnquba.
- Ukukhubaza i-disinfect and filling the seeds with a useful substance, kubalulekile ukuba banciphise iiyure ezingama-6 ukuya kwisisombululo samanzi, bathathe i-0.3-0.5 g ye-boric acid kunye ne-1 g ye-permanganate ye-permanganate. Kusabalulekanga ukubamba imbewu kwisisombululo se-ash ngeeyure ezingama-5 ukuya ku-6. Ukukulungisa kwi-1 ilitha yamanzi, yongeza 1 tbsp. iipuni ze-ash ash kunye nokugxininisa ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa iintsuku ezimbini.
- Emva kwayo yonke inkqubo, hlambulula imbewu kwaye uyishiye amahora angama-24 kwishefu esezantsi yefriji. Ukuze zihlume, zifake kwendwangu ebomvu.
- Ekutyalweni komhlaba ovulekileyo kuqhutyelwa kumhlaba omanzi kunye nochumayo. Gubungela phezulu kunye nefilimu okanye iglasi ukuze wenze izimo zethousehouse. Kunconywa ukususa indawo yokukhusela emva kokubonakala kweentlobo ezinokuphakama kwe-1-2 cm.
- Xa i-broccoli ihlwayelwa, ukulima kwayo kunye nokunyamekela kwindawo evulekileyo kubandakanya ukunqunyulwa kwemimandla emva kokusungulwa kwamaphepha amaphepha angama-2-3. Ngenxa yoko, umgama wama-40 cm kufuneka uhlale phakathi kwezityalo.
Indlela yokutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile enezithombo?
Iingcebiso zokukhupha izityalo ekhaya zifana nezinye izityalo zemifuno. Ngokutshintshela emhlabathini ovulekile kuya kuba ilungele iintsuku ezingama-30-40, xa kukho amaqabunga ama-5-6. Kukho inani leengcebiso malunga nendlela yokutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile:
- Kwiveki phambi kokutyala, kucetyiswa ukuba ucudise izityalo, ngenxa yale ntsuku ezifudumeleyo, zibeke amatanki kwiiyure eziliqela evulekileyo.
- Kwindawo elungiselelwe yenza imingxuma, ingqalelo ukuba phakathi kwayo kufuneka ibe ngumgama wama-35-40 cm, kunye phakathi kwemigca - 50-60 cm. Ubunzulu bufanele buhambelane nokuphakama kwe-seedling, kwaye oku malunga ne-20-25 cm. . umlotha kunye ne-moisten umhlaba.
- Ukutyala kunconywa ngemini kwaye kulunge kwiimozulu zezulu.
- Ukuqala izityalo ze-broccoli, ukukhula kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo kuthetha ukunyusa izityalo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ze-stem, ukwenzela ukuba kuphela iphezulu ehlala phezulu. Qaphela ukuba awukwazi ukuzalisa umhlaba ngendawo yokukhula. Ukuba ngexesha lokulima izityalo azikhethi , zenzeke ngeli xesha. Enye i-tip-ukuphuhlisa inkqubo engcambu, ingcambu ephambili imele ifakwe.
Xa ukutshala i-klakishili iklabhu kwindawo evulekile?
Nangona le nkcubeko yemifuno inokunyamezela ukuhamba kweqondo lokushisa, kodwa kungekhona kwisigaba sokutshala, kuyimfuneko ukulinda ukushisa kumhlaba. Ukuhlwayela imbewu ngokuthe ngqo emhlabathini kunconywa kungekhona ngaphambi kweentsuku zokuqala zikaMeyi. Ukuba uzibuza indlela yokutshala i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile kunye neencotyambo, ukuhlwayela imbewu ekhaya kufuneka uqale kwisiqingatha sesibini seMeyi xa usebenzisa iintlobo zakuqala. Ukuvuna ehlobo, hlwayela imbewu yezithombo kwixesha ukususela ekupheleni kuka-Epreli kuze kufike phakathi koJuni. Ukuhlwayelwa kweentlobo ezigqithisiweyo kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni.
Iklabishi ye-Broccoli - ukulima
Kule nkcubeko yemifuno, imimandla engumakhelwane kunye nomgangatho womhlaba kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba kwizinto ezithile zeentlobo kuboniswe ukuba inokukwazi ukumelana neqabunga emhlabeni, ukwenzela ukufikelela kwi -7 ° C kunye nokushisa okuqinileyo. Ubushushu obuhle kakhulu buyi-18-20 ° C. Ukufumana indlela yokukhupha i-broccoli ngaphandle, kuyafaneleka ukuba ukhombise ukuba emva kokuvuna isityalo akuyekanga ukukhula, ngoko akudingeki ukuba ususe amahlathi. Emva kweeveki ezi-2-3 kwiifom zecala ngokunyamekela kakuhle, i-inflorescences ezintsha zenziwa, kodwa qaphela ukuba isityalo sesibini siya kuba sincinci kwaye singabi nandi.
Ukukhula kwe-broccoli ngaphandle - umhlaba
Eyona nto ingcono yile nkcubeko yemifuno ifanelekile ngomhlaba wodongwe okanye umhlaba onesihlabathi esincinci. Ukuphucula iimpawu ze-agrotechnical ze-site ekhethiweyo, kucetyiswa ukuba umquba nge-humus okanye inkukhu ye-inkukuma ekwindla. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwebusika, kucetyiswa ukuba uyigcine. Qaphela ukuba ukukhupha i-broccoli ngaphandle kufuneka kwenziwe kwintsimbi ye-alkali, ukuba i-asidi yanda, yongeza i-lime encinane.
Ukutyala okuhlangeneyo kunye ne-broccoli
Abagadi bezolimo abanolwazi bathi ngexesha lokutshala izityalo zemifuno, kufuneka uqikelele ukuhambelana kwazo nokungahambelani. Xa ukhula i-broccoli, khumbula ukuba ikhula kakuhle kunye neetatate, izaqathe, i-aubergines, i-pumpkin, i-pepper kunye namakhukhamba. Ukungahambelani, amaninzi amaninzi, ubonakalisa ngekholifulawa. Ngokuphathelele amajikijolo, i-broccoli iya kukhula kakuhle kunye nama-strawberries, i-melon kunye ne-currants.
Ukunyamekela i-broccoli kwintsimi evulekile
Ukufumana isivuno esinobutyebi, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela inani leengcebiso malunga nokunyamekelwa kwezi nkcubeko zemifuno. Iinkqubo ezinyanzelisayo zibandakanya ukuthambisa rhoqo kunye nokucoca, kunye nokukhupha umhlaba kunye nokulwa nezilwanyana. Ukunyamekela i-broccoli kwindawo evulekileyo ichaza ukuba inyanga emva kokutshala iibhokhwe kuba iinduli kwaye ikhulule umhlaba kummandla wesiseko. Qaphela ukuba kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso izityalo ziyesaba ilanga, ngoko zibophe nge-lapnika okanye iibhakethi.
Ukutshiza i-broccoli kwindawo evulekile
Zonke iintlobo zale nkcubeko, kuquka i-broccoli, zifuna ukunkcenkceshela, kodwa ukunyamezela okuninzi kule nkcubeko yemifuno ayimkelekanga. Ukuba umhlaba unomswakama, ukuhlaselwa kwezidalwa ezinambuzane kunye nokuhlaselwa kwezifo kunokwenzeka. Ukunyamekela iklabishi ye-broccoli kuthetha ukuthambisa okulinganayo, kodwa ukumiswa komhlaba akuvumelekile. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kunkcenkceshelo olunye ngeveki lwanele, kodwa kumaqondo aphezulu aphezulu kufuneka kukhuliswe. Ukuba itshisa kakhulu ngaphandle, fakraza izityalo ngokuhlwa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-broccoli kwindawo evulekile
Ukwenza iintloko ezinkulu, kucetyiswa ukuba zibandakanye ukondla rhoqo kwiinkathalo.
- Isihlandlo sokuqala sesichumiso senziwa emva kweeveki ezimbini emva kokutyala izityalo. Sebenzisa isisombululo se- Mullein , enikwe ukuba 1 tbsp. Imveliso kufuneka iwele kwibhakethi yamanzi. Faka i-teaspoon 1 ye-urea kwisisombululo. Esikhundleni se-mullein, umquba wenkukhu ungasetyenziswa, udibanise ngamanzi kwinxalenye ye-1:20. Ukuba imbewu ihlwayelwe kwindawo evulekile, kufuneka isichumisi sifakwe kwiiveki ezi-3 emva kokuvela kweendawo.
- Ukulima kunye nokunyamekela kubonisa ukondla okwesibini kwiiveki ezingama-2-3 emva kokuqumba kokuqala. Sebenzisa i-nitrate, udibanise ibhokisi yokudibanisa ngokupheleleyo kwibhakethi yamanzi.
- Isondlo sesithathu kwiklabishi ye-broccoli kwindawo evulekile yi-potash-phosphoric. Thatha i-20 g ye-superphosphate, i-10 g ye-nitmonium nitrate kunye no-5 g we-sulfate nge-potassium nge-5 l yamanzi.
- Xa ikhanda eliphakathi lichithwa, ukwenzela ukuba kukhuthazwe ukukhula kohluma, sebenzisa esi sixazululo ekunyamekeleni: i-5 litres zamanzi, uthathe ama-5 g we-nitmonium nitrate, i-10 g ye-superphosphate kunye ne-20 g ye-sulfate ye-potassium. Kwiqela ngalinye uchithe ilitha eli-1 yesicombululo esiphelile.
- Ukuphuculwa kakuhle kwe-broccoli, ukukhula kunye nokunyamekela emhlabathini ovulekileyo kubandakanya ukucoca ngomlotha wokhuni, omele uchithekele kwi-site, ekunikezelwa ukuba imitha engama-1 kufuneka ichithwe ngomitha nganye.
Izilwanyana nezifo ze-broccoli
Ukungaphumeleli kwesi sikhokelo semifino kuquka inkqubela yokuba iyingozi kakhulu kwizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezilwanyana ezinambuzane. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zilandelayo:
- Kwinqanaba lomsila, umlenze omnyama udla ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngoko akunconywa ukutyala endaweni apho iindawo ezisemgangathweni ezisetyenziselwa ukukhula. Ukuba ingxaki ayibonakali, akuyimfuneko ukukhupha loo ndawo. Lahla le sifo, i-broccoli kumaxesha amaninzi ayinako kwaye izityalo kufuneka zikhutshwe.
- Xa ukhula emhlabathini ovulekile, kunokwenzeka ukuhlasela i-slugs kwaye ugcinwe kubo ukuba ufefa umhlaba ngeqebhoko eliqhekekileyo leqanda.
- Zonke iintlobo zinezibungu, ezigqibeleni zikhula zibe ngamaqabunga. Ukuthintela ukubonakala kwazo, kucetyiswa ukuba utshale kufuphi ne-broccoli marigold. Ukuba ziyabonakala, zimele zisuswe ngesandla.
- Izinambuzane ezinobungozi kuncinci kulesi sityalo ziyi-sacral fleas. Unokulwa nabo ngomhlaba ophantsi okanye umlotha, ofafazwe ngokutshala.