Ukukhathazeka kweNgxaki yokuHlukana nokuHlezeka (ADHD) yintlupheko yenkqubo ye-nervous central. Okwangoku, ukuvela kwesi sigxina phakathi kwabantwana kukhula minyaka yonke. Phakathi kwamakhwenkwe, ukuxilongwa okunjalo kuqhelekileyo.
I-ADHD kubantwana: izizathu
I-ADH ingabangela izizathu ezilandelayo:
- ukuphazanyiswa kwezakhiwo ezingekho phantsi kweengqondo;
- i-pathologists yokuphuhlisa i-lobes yangaphambili yengqondo;
- ukuzalwa;
- encephalopathy ;
- unobungozi bokukhulelwa kumama wengane (i-hypoalia ye-fetal, ukungena kwintambo ye-umbilical, i-toxicosis, isongelo sokukhupha isisu , ukutshaya, uxinzelelo, ukungondleki);
- iimpawu zenkqubo yezabasebenzi: ngaphambi kwexesha, ixesha elide, elide, kunye nokuvuselela abasebenzi;
- usana lwazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukungquzulana rhoqo kwintsapho, ukunyamezela ngokugqithiseleyo malunga nomntwana kunokufaka isandla ekuveleni kwe-syndrome ye-ADHD.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD kubantwana
Indlela ephambili yokuxilongwa yindlela yokujonga ngentsholongwane yomntwana kwimvelo yendalo. Umbonisi udala ikhadi elibizwa ngokuba yi-observation card, erekhoda ulwazi malunga nokuziphatha komntwana ekhaya, esikolweni, kwisitrato, kwisangqa sahlobo kunye nabazali.
Ngomntwana ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-6 ubudala, ukulinganisa izikali kusetyenziswa ukujonga izinga lokuqwalasela, ukucinga kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokuqonda.
Xa ukuxilongwa kwenziwa, izikhalazo zabazali, iirekhodi yengxelo yonyango yomntwana nazo ziqwalaselwa.
Iimpawu ze-ADHD kubantwana
Iimpawu zokuqala ze-ADH ziqala ukuvela kwiintsana. Umntwana one-ADHD ubonisa ubukho beempawu ezilandelayo:
- ukwandiswa kwemisebenzi yamagatsha;
- ntshukumo;
- kudla ukulibazisa ukuphuhlisa intetho ;
- ukuxhamla;
- ukukhubaza;
- ukunyanzelisa;
- ukungazinzi;
- ukungabi nako.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, aba bantwana banconywa ukuzithemba, iintloko kunye nokwesaba.
Iimpawu zengqondo zezingane ezine-ADHD
Abantwana abane-ADHD bahluke kakhulu kwiontanga zabo eziqhelekileyo:
- umntwana akakwazi ukulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe;
- Kunzima kuye ukubamba ixesha elide kwisifundo esinye;
- ukunyameka kwengqondo, ukuguquka rhoqo kwemizwa;
- Kunzima ukuba umntwana adibanise nabanye abantwana.
Ukufundisa abantwana abane-ADHD
Ukufundisa umntwana onokuxilongwa kwe-ADHD kudinga ukunyusa ingqalelo kwinxalenye yabazali kunye nootitshala, ekubeni kufuneka adle ukunyuswa kwengqondo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokwenzeka, utshintsha utshintsho kwimisebenzi ukuze kuphephe ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kulo mbandela. Umntwana one-ADHD ubonakaliswa ngokungazinzi, unokuhamba ngeklasi ngexesha lesifundo, obangela ukuphazamiseka kokufunda.
Isikolo sabantwana abane-ADHD sibonisa ubunzima obukhulu, kuba sidinga ukuba singenakwenzeka ngenxa yeempawu zayo zomzimba: ixesha elide ukuba sihlale kwindawo enye size sigxile kwisifundo esinye.
Unyango lwe-ADHD kubantwana
Abantwana abane-ADHD syndrome kufuneka baphathwe ngendlela epheleleyo: Ukongeza kwonyango lonyango, umntwana unyanzelekile, kwaye abazali bavakashele i-neuropsychologist.
Abazali kufuneka baqinisekise ukugcinwa komntwana kwirejista, banike ithuba lokugawula amandla aqokelelwa ngokuzilolonga kunye nokuhamba okude. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukubukela iTV kunye nokufumana umntwana kwikhompyutheni, njengoko oku kwandisa ukwanda komzimba womntwana.
Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ubukho bomntwana abane-ADHD kwiindawo zokudibanisa ngokukhululeka, njengoko oku kunokwandisa kuphela ukubonakaliswa koxinzelelo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwimiyeza: i-atomoxetine, i-cortexin, i-encephabol, i- pantogam , i-cerebrolysin, i- phenibut , i-pyracetam, i-ritalin, i-reflex, i-cilert. Kunconywa ukuba ulisebenzise ngokulumkisa izidakamizwa ze-nootropic kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-6 ubudala, kuba banenombolo
Umntwana one-ADHD udinga ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kubo bobabini abazali kunye nendalo. Ulungelelaniso olufanelekileyo lwemihla, umsebenzi owenziwe ngokomzimba, ukulungelelaniswa okwaneleyo kokudumisa nokugxeka umntwana kuya kumvumela ukuba alungiselele ngokuthe ngempumelelo kwimozulu.
Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwe ukuba njengoko umntwana ekhula, ukubonakaliswa kwe-ADHD syndrome kuya kuguqulwa kwaye kungabi njalo.