I-urticaria kubantwana ibonakala ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibonakala njengabhotshi abomvu, abancinci kakhulu. Igama lesi sifo likhethwa ngaphandle kwesizathu - ukugqithisa kufana noko kuvela kwesikhumba emva kokuthinta i-nettle. Njengomthetho, ingxaki idlula ngokukhawuleza njengoko iqala-kwiiyure ezingama-6-8-kodwa ngamanye amaxesha umkhoba ungasongela impilo.
Iintlobo ze-urticaria kubantwana
Iziphazamiso zihlelwa ngokwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuxhomekeka kwisibalo sesi sifo, iintlobo ze-urticaria zilandelayo:
- ukugula - kubonakala kwimpendulo yokuqhagamshelana ne-stimulus;
- kubanda kubanda kwiqhwa;
- i-psychoemotional - ibonakala ngenxa yoxinzelelo okanye iimvakalelo ezinzulu;
- i-pigment - ivela kwimvelaphi yokuphazamiseka kwi-immune system kunye nokuveliswa okusebenzayo kweeseli zesisitye;
- umatshini - kubangelwa ngenxa yokuqhagamshelana nomnqophiso.
Ngendlela yesifo, i-urticaria kubantwana kukuba:
- kukhanya;
- eliphakathi;
- enzima.
Imihlathi - Iingxaki
Ingxaki inokukhula ngokuzimeleyo okanye ibe yimboqo yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zesifo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kukho i-urticaria ye-allergenic. Ukutya okuqhelekileyo kokutya:
- ubisi;
- intlanzi;
- maqanda;
- izithelo ze citrus;
- amantonga;
- tshokoleji.
Ukongezelela, iindawo eziqhambukayo zenzeka xa zibonakaliswe kwiikhemikhali, ipollen okanye izifo zendlu. Ngokuqhelekileyo imbangela yesi sifo zilunywa yizinambuzane. I-Urticaria kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka emibili inokuvela kwimvelaphi yentsholongwane. Emva kwe-rubella, isifo se-mycoplasma okanye i- mononucleosis , abanye abantwana bahlakulela uhlobo lwesigulo sesifo. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-blisters ibonakala ingemvelaphi yokuhlasela kwe- helminthic kwaye ngenxa yomsebenzi weebhaktheriya.
I-urticaria eyiyo
Kwixesha le sifo, ukubonakala okunamandla kwaye okungapheliyo kuyabonakala. I-urticaria esebenzayo kubantwana ikhula ngenxa yokuqhagamshelana kokuqala kunye ne-allergen. Izizathu zalo zilandelayo:
- ukutya ukutya okungaqhelekanga;
- inhalation of irritants (impova, uboya, uthuli);
- zilwanyana;
- ukuthatha imithi ethile;
- qha ga mshelana nezixhobo-ezivakalayo.
I-urticaria engapheliyo
Ukuchonga izizathu ze-urticaria kubantwana akulula. Ukuqonda oko kubangela ukuba kubekho ukuphendula, kubakho kuphela 20 - 30% amacala. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukukhawuleza kwenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezibonakalayo, izifo, ukunyuka kokutya kunye nezongezelelo zondlo. Ngamanye amaxesha i-urticaria engapheliyo kubantwana iyimpawu yentsholongwane ye-thyroid gland, izitho zesisu esiswini, isibindi, isimiso se-nervous.
Urticaria Symptoms
Ukwazi indlela ama-hive abukeka ngayo, unokukhawuleza ufumane unyango kwaye uphilise. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhusela ingxaki kunye nokuthintela ukutshintshwa kwesi sifo kwifomu engapheliyo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zengxaki zi:
- ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kokubambisa ngokukrakra okwenzeka kwiindawo ezithile zesikhumba;
- i-blisters kwesikhumba kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nakwiimbumba ze-mucous;
- bushushu kunye nomkhuhlane;
- Kwezinye iimeko, i-urticaria kubantwana ibangela i-nausea, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, iintloko ezinzima.
Iintlobo zokugqithisa ngemisundu
Indlela yonke imihlathi ibonakala ngayo kubantwana, phantse bonke abazali bayazi. Imibala ephezulu i-blisters. Iindawo ezibomvu ziphakanyiswa ngaphezu kwesikhumba sempilweni. Ukuba zidibaniswe, indawo zokuzikhukhumeza, ukucaphukisa, kunye nezilonda zingabonakala. Ubungakanani be-blisters bubuncinane. Ububanzi bawo abugqithisi iimitha ezimbalwa. Ezinye iintlobo zokukhawuleza zilandelayo:
- i-urticaria enkulu - iindawo zikhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwemida ecacileyo;
- ezinemiqolo - kunye neengqungquthela zengqungquthela zenziwe ngeenqanaba ezibomvu;
- imihlathi kunye ne-pigmentation - i-rash ihluke ngokucacileyo kwi-epidermis enempilo embala - ibumnyama.
Indawo yokuhlaselwa ngemisundu
Ngokukhawuleza, i-blister ephumayo ngokukhawuleza iguqulwa ibe ngamaqhina amanqabu-bhantshi, ubukhulu bayo abugqithisi intloko. Amabhule amancinci ayenzeka ekugqibeleni. Xa ukudibanisa, udoti lunokugutyungulwa ngegazi. Ngamanye amaxesha kuqhutywa ukuqhuma kwimizi. Njengomthetho, izitho ezingaphezulu zichaphazelekayo. Iimpawu zothando zeBlisters "zothando", kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nemingxuma ebusweni bomntwana okanye kuwo wonke umzimba.
Amanqanaba e-urticaria kubantwana
Xa kuvela iimpawu zokuqala, kucetyiswa ukuba udibane neengcali. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kwaye ingxaki iya kulawulwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula. Ukwabela izigaba eziphambili zokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo:
- Kwizigaba zokuqala, i-urticaria kubantwana inempawu ezingabonakali kakhulu. Blisters phantse ungakhathazeki isigulane esincinci, ukubetha akunamandla kakhulu, akukho zibonakaliso zokuxhatshazwa.
- Isigaba sesibini sibonakaliswa yimpawu ezinzima zokuxhatshazwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo esi sifo sihamba kunye nokukhukhumeza okanye umkhuhlane. Ngethuba elifutshane, i-edema ye-allergen isasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba womntwana. Ukuba ichaphazela i-larynx, umntwana unzima ukuphefumula, kukho ukuhlaselwa kwesifo.
- Kwinqanaba elinzima, zonke iimpawu ezifanayo zibonakaliswa kwisigaba sesibini, kuphela ezichazwe ngakumbi. Imeko yomntwana iyancipha, izigulane ezininzi ziba nzima kakhulu kwaye zivalo.
Ziziphi iindawo ezinobungozi kubantwana?
Isifo esinjalo, njengemingcebo, senziwa kubantwana rhoqo, kuba abazali abayikwesabisi, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuqala isifo ngokwabo. Ingozi kukuba isifo singena kwifomu engapheliyo, kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukujamelana nayo. Ukongeza, i-urdiaria ephezulu idiopathic iqulethe ukuphuhliswa kwe- edema , ngezinye izihlandlo ebangela ukufa.
Indlela yokuphatha urticaria kubantwana?
Ukukhethwa kwesicwangciso socwangco akuchasene nezona zinto ezibangele isifo. Uphuhliso lwe-urticaria kubantwana luhlala lubandakanya:
- ukukhutshwa koqhagamshelwano kunye neenxephezelo;
- ukuthintela ukudibaniswa kwamatye;
- kubanda;
- ukuthatha i-antihistamines;
- Ukulwa nezifo ezenza ukuba kubonakale ukukhawuleza.
Uncedo lokuqala kwimifuno
Esi sisifo esibi, kuba izilwanyana kubantwana, iimpawu kunye nokunyangwa kwayo, kufuneka zifundwe kakuhle ngabazali. Ukuba umntwana unesifo, ama-antihistamines kufuneka abe soloko ekhona.
Unonophelo loxinzelelo lwe-urticaria kunye ne-edema i-Quincke libonisa ukuyeka ukukhawuleza kokuqhagamshelana ne-allergen:
- Ukuphazamisa ukuthathwa kwamachiza enobungozi.
- Ukuphelisa umthombo wetyhefu xa ulunywe yizinambuzane.
- Thatha iindlovu, ukuba i-irritant imveliso yokutya.
- Susa i-allergen ekhumbeni.
I-ambulensi kufuneka ibizwe ngokuba:
- kukho uhlobo olubi lwe-urticaria ne-Quincke's edema;
- ukunyanzeliswa kwesimo esingapheliyo sesifo, esingaphenduliyo kunyango ekhaya;
- kutshatyalaliswa kwe-anaphylactic .
Iziyobisi nge-urticaria
Amachiza amaninzi amaninzi anceda ngemingxube yi-antihistamines. Namhlanje, oko kuthiwa ngamachiza okuvela kwisizukulwana sesibini kuyaziwa kakhulu. Isisindo sikhethwe ngabanye - ngexesha lokubonisana malunga nendlela yokunyanga imihlathi, kunye neengcali. Ukuba le nyeza ayincedi, umthamo unganyuswa, kodwa kwangaphambi kokuba kuvunyelwane nezingane zakudala.
Izidakamizwa eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa le ngxaki zibukeka ngathi:
- Loratadine ;
- Cyproheptadine;
- IDiphenhydramine;
- UElius;
- Lclaritin;
- Ebastin;
- Xizal;
- Telfast;
- Zodak ;
- Cetirizine;
- Acryvastine;
- Tavegil;
- Suprastin.
Ngamanye amaxesha ngokufana neepilisi zichazwe ngamafutha athile:
- Sinaflan;
- Flucinar;
- Latticort;
- Hydrocortisone;
- Afloderm;
- Triamcinolone;
- Fluorocort;
- Lokoid;
- Advantan;
- Cloveit;
- Dermovate;
- Celestoderm-B;
- Elokom.
Ukutya kwi-urticaria kubantwana
Xa kuthathwa ingxaki, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina irejimeni yokusela. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba umntwana adle 2-3 ilitha amanzi ngosuku. Oku kuya kubakho ukususwa ngokukhawuleza kokukhutshwa komzimba. Ukongezelela, ukutya okufunekayo kwimikoko:
- Ukususela ekudleni kuyimfuneko ukukhuphela zonke ezo zinto ezinokubangela ukuba i-reaction response. Ukuba kunzima ukuyiqonda, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba uvavanyo: emva komhla wokuzila, qalisa ukunika umntwana esinye isidlo esitsha. Enye emva koko imifuno iba yimbi ngakumbi, kwaye iyona yecala.
- Ukutya kufuneka kugqitywe, kwanao matyala xa impendulo ingenayo imvelaphi yokutya. Kwimeko yesigulane ayinakwandiswa, kungcono ukuba anikezele iimveliso ngokunyusa umsebenzi owenzela umonakalo okwesikhashana. Oku kuza kuxhaswa ngamajoni omzimba.
- Ukunciphisa i-allergenicity kukunceda ukucwangciswa kwemveliso: ukucwina, ukupheka, ukupenda.
Ukususela ekudleni komntwana kufuneka asuse zonke ukutya eziqukethe izilondolozo, idayi, i-emulsifiers. Kuyinto engathandekiyo kwi-urticaria ukusela itiye, ikhofi, iziphuzo ezinomlilo kwaye kukho imveliso enjalo:
- strawberry;
- ubusi;
- amantonga;
- amakhowe;
- izithelo ze citrus;
- utamatisi;
- tshokoleta;
- iziqholo;
- iviniga;
- imayonnaise;
- iipinapali;
- imbotyi;
- kubhaka;
- maqanda;
- inyama yenkukhu.
Iimveliso ezikhuthaziweyo zi:
- ipereji, iphekwe emanzini;
- Iisobho ezisekelwe kwiiyolimo kunye nemifuno;
- isonka esimhlophe (kuphela nje ibhotela);
- kefir;
- kupheka iipulo;
- ioli;
- i-apula idibanisa;
- yogurt.
Iprophylaxis ye-urticaria kubantwana
Ukuqinisekiswa kokuthintela ingxaki ayikwazi - ukunyusa abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala kunye nokudala kungabonakala naliphi na ixesha-kodwa kukho ezinye izicwangciso eziya kunceda ukunciphisa amathuba okuvela kwayo:
- Kubalulekile ukuzama ukuqonda oko kubangela ukuba uphendule kwaye ukhuphe ukudibanisa kunye neziphumo ezinokubangela. Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ungabandakanyi ngokupheleleyo umnxeba, ngoko ke unganciphisa ubuncinci.
- Umntwana kufuneka agqoke iimpahla eziphathekayo ezenziwe ngeempahla zendalo. Izinto ezinqabileyo, ezininzi, ezinameva zingabangela ukucasuka kwe-epidermis.
- Ukuba kukho ukukrokra ukuba i-urticaria yenzeka ngenxa yokutya, ungaqala ukugcina idayari yokutya. Irekhode zonke iimveliso ezisetyenziswe ngumntwana kunye nendlela umzimba owasabela ngayo kubo.
- Ekuboniseni kokuqala kwengxaki, faka icompress ebandayo kwindawo echaphazelekayo. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhusela ukuphuhliswa kokuhlaselwa.
- Iibhodi zokudibanisa ezipholileyo ziyakunceda ukunqanda ukuphendula nokukhusela ukusabalalisa ukugqithisa phezu komzimba.
- Njalo unama-antihistamines kwizandla zakho.