Uxilongo olwesabisayo 'lokungabikho ntsapho' ezininzi izandi ezifana nesigqibo sokugqibela. Ngenhlanhla namhlanje, iyeza alinakuma, linika izibini ezingenakukwazi ukukhulelwa umntwana ngokwemvelo, ukuchithwa kwempahla. Abantwana "ukusuka kwiphubhu yokuvavanya" - yinto eqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Izinto eziphilayo ezimbi, izifo, indlela yokuphila, ukutshintshwa kwemisebenzi - konke oku kungesizathu sokuba malunga neshumi labantu abemi behlabathi abakwazi ukukhulelwa umntwana.
Utywala "in vitro"
In vitro fertilization okanye eyaziwayo, igama elifingqiweyo li-ECO lizwi ngathi "ukukhulelwa ngaphandle komzimba womntu." Yiyo yonke into ebalulekileyo yendlela. Ngexesha le-IVF, iqanda likhishwe emzimbeni wowesifazane osebenzisa inaliti encinane. Ungesabi le nkqubo - inkqubo ithatha imizuzu embalwa kwaye idlula ngaphantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo. Ukongezelela, i-spermatozoa efanelekileyo yexesha elizayo uyise iyafakwa kwi-ovum, kwaye i-embryo efunyenwe ngale ndlela ikhulile kwi-incubator ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-5. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, iqanda elixutywe ngumbumba lifakwe kwisibeleko somama olindelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukukhulelwa komntwana usebenzisa i-IVF kutyunjwa, kokubili kwimeko yentombi kunye nokungabikho komntwana.
Abantwana emva kwe-IVF
Ngethuba lokuqala, indlela yokuchithwa kwempahla eyenziwa kwi-Great Britain ngo-1978. Ukususela ngeli xesha amawaka abantwana abanobuchoko kunye nabantwana abasempilweni "abavela kwi-tube test" baye bavela ekukhanyeni - amawaka amabhinqa afumana uvuyo lobazali, amawaka ezintsapho zilindele ukuba umntwana avele.
Kuye kwindlela yokukhathazeka, kuye kwahlala kuninzi amahlebezi kunye neengcamango. Abanye bazibuza ukuba ngaba abantwana bazalwa emva kwe-IVF, abanye bathi abantwana "abavela kwi-tube tube" bafumana izifo ze-genetic kwaye, ngokusemthethweni, basala emva kokuphuhliswa kwiontanga zabo. Le ngcamango ayinaso isizathu nasiphi na isizathu, ekubeni ukuphuhliswa kwabantwana abafakwe yi-IVF kuyafana neyo yazalwa ngokwemvelo. Into eyodwa abantwana abazalwa emva kwe-IVF ingahluka kwabanye kubandakanyeka kabini kunye nokunakekelwa okwandisiweyo, olujikelezwe ngabazali bentsana "kwi-tube test".
Ngokuphathelele izifo ze-genetic, yonke into ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi "material material", oko kukuthi, unina noyise. Ukugqithiswa kokufakelwa kwamanzi kungathi kwezinye iimeko kunokukunceda ukuba ungabandakanyi ithuba lokudluliselwa kwengxaki kumntwana. Ngoko, umzekelo, kukho izifo ezithwala izifo ezidluliselwa kuphela kumgca wesilisa. Kule meko, nge-IVF, kunokwenzeka ukucwangcisa ngesondo somntwana ongakazalwa. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukhetho lwesondo lomntwana kunye ne-IVF lunyanzeliso, olusetyenziswa kuphela kwizizathu zonyango.
Ukumangalisa "kwi-tube test"
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokusasazeka ngokufakelwa, abazali abonwabileyo abamkelanga umntwana omnye, kodwa ngokukhawuleza amawele, ama-triple okanye ama-quadruplets. Kukho izizathu ezininzi, enye yinto ekhuthaza ukunyusa ama-ovari, eqhutywe phambi kwe-IVF.
Ukongezelela, ukwandisa amathuba okukhulelwa, amaqanda amaninzi afakwa kwisibeleko. Ngokuqinisekileyo, inani leembrusi ezifakwe ngaphakathi lixubusha nabazali bexesha elizayo, kwaye ngokuqala kokukhulelwa, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umntwana ongathandekiyo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba enze inkqubo enjalo, oogqirha banyanzelekile ukuba balumkise umfazi ukuba ukunciphisa kunokukhupha isisu, ngoko ke kuyinto engathandekiyo.
Kuqiniseke ukuba i-ECO ayichaphazeli impilo yabantwana nangayiphi na indlela. Abantwana "kwi-tube tube" njengokuba abanye bekhula, bahlakulele kwaye banokuzala abantwana babo ngokwemvelo. Konke oku kubonisa amava kaLouise Brown - umntwana wokuqala "kwi-tube test", sele sele ibe ngumama ongekho ngoncedo lwonyango.